英文原文
Transactional Analysis is first and foremost a therapeutic tool for positive change and growth. It can be used either in therapy for the individual concerned or on a more surface level for problem solving in everyday life. TA is basically the study of how people take on certain behaviors, either by accident or from their early caretakers or authority figures and then continue to play them out in their adult lives. It is a model for people to use to work towards ‘autonomy’, a place from where they can choose to live the way they want to and not to be still acting as if they are controlled by past events or messages. Transactional Analysis then is a modern psychotherapy model, which has; it’s own particular language and theory of personality. It states that the person transacts with a person in certain ways, structures their time between life and death in a particular way, plays their own particular games and lives out their own unique script. An understanding of Transactional Analysis can give hope for the person in that they can change their script and choose the way they want to re-write their own life plan, without hanging on to inappropriate behaviors of the past. The personality for Transactional Analysis, for Berne, is based on the recognition of three quite different ego states, called specifically the Parent, Adult and Child. An ego state for Berne is: ‘a system of feelings accompanied by related set of behaviour patterns.’ For example, spontaneous feelings, compliance and rebellion are all features of the child ego state and may be activated by the individual at any time throughout his life. Berne recognised that three such ego states must be in everyone and that together they make up the unique individuals Personality. For Berne the ego states are not roles but are phenomenological realities. Each ego state is concerned with what actually happened in the past for that person and how they acted will determine how they act in the here and now. The decisions that they made then will determine the decisions and behaviours they now make in the present. The Adult Ego State emerges around six months in the child and is concerned primarily with appraising facts, reasoning, thinking, evaluating and responding to available data. It is described by many Transactional Analysis writers like a computer, concerned only with rationality and logic. However, I think this position is some what misleading and I prefer Berne’s commentary, which describes that adult as coming from an integrated stance which does not mean that when the person activates their adult ego state he is coming from just a rational position, but that he also has access to feelings, thinking and attitudes. Indeed the person will be part of the ‘here and now’ and experiencing and coming from an integrated adult stance. The tone of voice may be measured, clear, precise, crisp, rational, logical. Words may well be very factual. ‘I see you are well, how long is it to London, what time is it, it is a fact it is cold today!’ All the above words and behaviours, will then give you some clue as to what ego state that person is operating from and thus what you can do to change the situation for yourself. However, it must be remembered that these are only some of the clues for exact ego analysis, you will need more evidence or information for a positive and accurate diagnosis. You may need to ask more historical questions and certainly, you will need to see the person in the ‘here and now’ to be certain of you analysis.
中文翻译
沟通分析首先是一种促进积极改变和成长的治疗工具。它既可以用于个体的治疗，也可以在更表面的层面上用于日常生活中的问题解决。沟通分析基本上研究人们如何通过偶然或从早期照顾者或权威人物那里习得某些行为，然后在成年生活中继续表现出来。这是一个帮助人们朝着“自主性”努力的模型，使他们能够选择自己想要的生活方式，而不是仍然表现得像是被过去的事件或信息所控制。沟通分析是一种现代心理治疗模型，拥有自己独特的语言和人格理论。它指出，人们以特定的方式与他人互动，以特定的方式构建生死之间的时间，玩自己的游戏，活出自己独特的脚本。理解沟通分析可以给人们带来希望，因为他们可以改变自己的脚本，选择重新书写自己人生计划的方式，而不必固守过去的不当行为。对于伯恩来说，沟通分析中的人格基于对三种截然不同的自我状态的识别，具体称为父母、成人和儿童。伯恩认为，自我状态是“伴随相关行为模式系统的感受系统”。例如，自发的感受、顺从和反抗都是儿童自我状态的特征，个体在生活中的任何时候都可能激活这些特征。伯恩认识到，这三种自我状态必须存在于每个人身上，它们共同构成了独特的个体人格。对于伯恩来说，自我状态不是角色，而是现象学现实。每个自我状态都关注该人过去实际发生的事情，以及他们当时的行为将决定他们现在如何行动。他们当时做出的决定将决定他们现在做出的决定和行为。成人自我状态在儿童大约六个月大时出现，主要关注评估事实、推理、思考、评价和回应可用数据。许多沟通分析作家将其描述为像计算机一样，只关注理性和逻辑。然而，我认为这种观点有些误导性，我更喜欢伯恩的评论，他将成人描述为来自一个整合的立场，这并不意味着当个体激活成人自我状态时，他只是来自理性立场，而是他也能接触感受、思考和态度。确实，个体将成为“此时此地”的一部分，并从整合的成人立场体验和行动。语气可能是经过衡量的、清晰、精确、干脆、理性、逻辑的。话语可能非常事实性。“我看到你很好，到伦敦有多远，现在几点了，今天很冷是事实！”上述所有话语和行为将给你一些线索，了解该人正在从哪种自我状态运作，从而你可以为自己改变情况。然而，必须记住，这些只是精确自我分析的一些线索，你需要更多证据或信息来进行积极和准确的诊断。你可能需要问更多历史问题，当然，你需要看到该人在“此时此地”才能确定你的分析。
文章概要
本文介绍了沟通分析心理学中的自我状态理论，特别是成人自我状态。文章解释了沟通分析作为一种治疗工具，帮助人们实现自主性，改变过去行为模式。重点阐述了成人自我状态的特征，包括理性、逻辑、事实评估和整合立场，并举例说明了在旅行规划等日常问题解决中的应用。文章强调了识别自我状态对于个人成长和积极改变的重要性。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：沟通分析就像是我们心里有三个小房间，一个是父母房间，一个是成人房间，一个是儿童房间。成人房间最厉害，它像一个小电脑，会帮我们想事情、算时间、做计划。比如，当我们想去旅行时，成人房间就会打开地图，看看怎么走最方便，算算要花多少钱，这样我们就能顺利到达目的地，不会迷路或者乱花钱。它让我们变得聪明又冷静，能好好解决问题。
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价：从沟通分析心理学理论来看，这篇文章精彩地阐述了成人自我状态的核心功能。成人自我状态作为人格结构中的理性部分，体现了伯恩理论中对自主性和整合性的追求。它不仅仅是冷冰冰的逻辑计算，而是融合了感受、思考和态度的综合能力，这符合沟通分析强调的“此时此地”体验。文章通过旅行规划的例子，生动展示了成人自我状态如何在实际生活中运作，促进个体从过去脚本中解放出来，实现积极改变。这种描述强化了沟通分析作为实用工具的价值，帮助人们识别和激活成人自我状态，以应对日常挑战。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：在实践上，成人自我状态可以应用于多个领域，例如教育、职场、家庭关系和心理咨询。它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 旅行规划中的混乱和焦虑，通过理性分析路线和预算；2. 学习决策困难，帮助评估不同选项的优劣；3. 工作压力管理，通过逻辑思考分配任务优先级；4. 人际冲突调解，促进冷静沟通和事实核对；5. 财务规划问题，协助制定储蓄和支出计划；6. 健康管理挑战，支持基于数据的饮食和运动选择；7. 时间管理效率低，优化日程安排和目标设定；8. 情绪调节困难，引导理性看待感受和事件；9. 家庭责任分配，公平评估成员贡献和需求；10. 个人成长停滞，鼓励自我反思和积极改变。这些应用展现了成人自我状态在提升生活质量和促进心理健康方面的广泛潜力。