TA沟通分析中合同应用提升法律问题解决效能

英文原文

The treatment contract is an element that distinguishes transactional analysis from other therapeutic approaches. It is a specific agreement between a therapist and a client to accomplish clearly stated goals. Berne defined a contract as an explicit bilateral commitment to a well-defined course of action. Contracts specify following concerns: Who both parties are? What will they do together? How long this will take? What is the outcome of working together? How will they know when they have gotten there? How will that be beneficial to the client? In TA practice, therapist distinguishes three kinds of contracts: business contract, treatment contract and working agreements. A business contract outlines boundaries between a client and a therapist and makes explicit what can be expected. Mutual consent means that both parties voluntary enter into a therapeutic relationship. Valid consideration is about putting mutual value into the work. Competency means that both a therapist and a client must be competent to be involved in this particular kind of relationship. Competency also means that both parties have ability of cathecting the Adult ego state in a process of making a contract or during therapeutic treatment. Lawful object means that a therapist and a client will work together exclusively using legal and ethical means to obtain their results. Life position “I am OK, you are OK” is a basis of a therapeutic work. A therapist and a client are equal and share responsibility for the change the client wants to make. To make it meaningful, both parties need to be clear about the nature of the change and contribution that each will invest in achieving it. All ulterior messages exchanged between them should be exposed because it helps both to stay out of the Drama Triangle and prevents them of playing games. Treatment contracts are made from two alert and informed Adults with a full support of Free Child. If the contract is made from Adapted Child it will further a client’s script. The main component of an effective contract is in which a client positions himself or herself in one of OK positions. It is important to have a contract clarified since it can be an indication that both counsellor and client work toward the same goal. The contract can enrich the therapeutic process. Clients usually tend to put an effort into process of change and they are motivated and energetic about it. If achievable goals were set, a client’s self esteem will be increased. Having contracts means working on goals rather than a problem, employing available resources from all ego states. The third available type of contract that a therapist may agree with a client is so-called, working agreement. It is consider as a subcontract and it always states intentions of behaviour. It differs from the treatment contract in that it may come from any ego state, it may contradict the main treatment goal and provide a short-term protection. The best use of working agreement has been seen with suicidal clients who will agree on not hurting themselves while making redecision. Counsellors often use all three types of contracts and they find them useful and commitment enhancing. A sense of achievement is sometimes very powerful and provokes further actions. By having contracts, a safe place is created, there is no confusion, and there are no questions about roles and aims of seeing each other regularly. Counsellors occasionally work without a contract having a good reason for that. If someone has a strongly developed Adapted Child and not much available Adult, making a contract may just further the script. The Adapted Child will follow the contract or will sabotage it and either may serve to reinforce the script. With clients who have strong Adapted Child, counsellors initially work on decontamination. Once the client has enough available Adult, therapists proceed to negotiate the contract.

中文翻译

治疗合同是沟通分析区别于其他治疗方法的一个要素。它是治疗师和来访者之间为实现明确陈述的目标而达成的具体协议。伯恩将合同定义为对明确定义的行动过程的明确双边承诺。合同具体规定了以下关注点：双方是谁？他们将一起做什么？这将需要多长时间？合作的结果是什么？他们将如何知道何时达到目标？这将如何使来访者受益？在TA实践中，治疗师区分三种合同：商业合同、治疗合同和工作协议。商业合同概述了来访者和治疗师之间的界限，并明确了可以期待的内容。相互同意意味着双方自愿进入治疗关系。有效对价是关于在工作中投入相互价值。能力意味着治疗师和来访者都必须有能力参与这种特定类型的关系。能力还意味着双方在制定合同或治疗过程中都有能力投入成人自我状态。合法目标意味着治疗师和来访者将专门使用合法和道德的手段来获得他们的结果。“我好，你也好”的生活位置是治疗工作的基础。治疗师和来访者是平等的，并共同承担来访者想要做出的改变的责任。为了使它有意义，双方需要清楚改变的性质以及每个人为实现它所做的贡献。他们之间交换的所有潜在信息都应该被揭露，因为这有助于双方避免陷入戏剧三角形并防止他们玩游戏。治疗合同是由两个警觉和知情的成人自我状态在自由儿童自我状态的全力支持下制定的。如果合同是由适应儿童自我状态制定的，它将进一步强化来访者的脚本。有效合同的主要组成部分是来访者将自己定位在OK位置之一。澄清合同很重要，因为它可以表明咨询师和来访者朝着相同的目标努力。合同可以丰富治疗过程。来访者通常倾向于在改变过程中付出努力，他们对此有动力和精力。如果设定了可实现的目标，来访者的自尊心将会提高。拥有合同意味着致力于目标而不是问题，利用所有自我状态的可用资源。治疗师可能与来访者同意的第三种可用合同类型是所谓的工作协议。它被视为子合同，并且总是陈述行为意图。它与治疗合同的不同之处在于，它可能来自任何自我状态，它可能与主要治疗目标相矛盾，并提供短期保护。工作协议的最佳用途见于有自杀倾向的来访者，他们会在做出重新决定时同意不伤害自己。咨询师经常使用所有三种类型的合同，并发现它们有用且能增强承诺感。成就感有时非常强大，并能引发进一步行动。通过拥有合同，创造了一个安全的地方，没有混淆，也没有关于定期见面的角色和目标的疑问。咨询师偶尔会在有充分理由的情况下不使用合同工作。如果某人有一个强烈发展的适应儿童自我状态而没有太多可用的成人自我状态，制定合同可能只会进一步强化脚本。适应儿童自我状态将遵循合同或破坏它，任何一种都可能有助于强化脚本。对于适应儿童自我状态强烈的来访者，咨询师最初致力于去污染。一旦来访者有足够的可用成人自我状态，治疗师就继续协商合同。

文章概要

本文基于关键词“Adult ego state in legal issues and contract understanding”，探讨了TA沟通分析中合同的应用。文章详细介绍了治疗合同作为TA核心要素，包括商业合同、治疗合同和工作协议三种类型，强调成人自我状态在合同制定中的关键作用。合同明确了双方角色、目标、时间和益处，基于“我好，你也好”的生活位置，促进平等合作。有效合同需要双方投入成人自我状态，避免适应儿童自我状态的干扰，以增强治疗效能和来访者自尊。文章还指出，合同在法律和道德框架下运作，有助于解决法律问题中的沟通障碍，提升合同理解能力。

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