英文原文
Transactional Analysis is first and foremost a therapeutic tool for positive change and growth. It can be used either in therapy for the individual concerned or on a more surface level for problem solving in everyday life. TA is basically the study of how people take on certain behaviors, either by accident or from their early caretakers or authority figures and then continue to play them out in their adult lives. It is a model for people to use to work towards ‘autonomy’, a place from where they can choose to live the way they want to and not to be still acting as if they are controlled by past events or messages. Transactional Analysis then is a modern psychotherapy model, which has; it’s own particular language and theory of personality. It states that the person transacts with a person in certain ways, structures their time between life and death in a particular way, plays their own particular games and lives out their own unique script. An understanding of Transactional Analysis can give hope for the person in that they can change their script and choose the way they want to re-write their own life plan, without hanging on to inappropriate behaviors of the past. The creator of Transactional Analysis Was Eric Berne, a Psychiatrist and a man who was largely influenced by Freud,though by the time of his death in 1970,he had become a,in some ways, a critic of Freud. Transactional Analysis though does have its roots in Psycho dynamic theory. The personality for Transactional Analysis, for Berne, is based on the recognition of three quite different ego states, called specifically the Parent, Adult and Child. An ego state for Berne is: ‘a system of feelings accompanied by related set of behaviour patterns.’ For example, spontaneous feelings, compliance and rebellion are all features of the child ego state and may be activated by the individual at any time throughout his life. Berne recognised that three such ego states must be in everyone and that together they make up the unique individuals Personality. For Berne the ego states are not roles but are phenomenological realities. Each ego state is concerned with what actually happened in the past for that person and how they acted will determine how they act in the here and now. The decisions that they made then will determine the decisions and behaviours they now make in the present. The Adult Ego State emerges around six months in the child and is concerned primarily with appraising facts, reasoning, thinking, evaluating and responding to available data. It is described by many Transactional Analysis writers like a computer, concerned only with rationality and logic. However, I think this position is some what misleading and I prefer Berne’s commentary, which describes that adult as coming from an integrated stance which does not mean that when the person activates their adult ego state he is coming from just a rational position, but that he also has access to feelings, thinking and attitudes. Indeed the person will be part of the ‘here and now’ and experiencing and coming from an integrated adult stance. The tone of voice may be measured, clear, precise, crisp, rational, logical. Words may well be very factual. ‘I see you are well, how long is it to London, what time is it, it is a fact it is cold today!’ All the above words and behaviours, will then give you some clue as to what ego state that person is operating from and thus what you can do to change the situation for yourself. However, it must be remembered that these are only some of the clues for exact ego analysis, you will need more evidence or information for a positive and accurate diagnosis. You may need to ask more historical questions and certainly, you will need to see the person in the ‘here and now’ to be certain of you analysis.
中文翻译
沟通分析首先是一种促进积极改变和成长的治疗工具。它既可用于相关个体的治疗，也可用于日常生活中更表层的解决问题。沟通分析基本上研究人们如何偶然或从早期照顾者或权威人物那里习得某些行为，然后在成年生活中继续表现出来。这是一个帮助人们朝着“自主性”努力的模型，使他们能够选择自己想要的生活方式，而不是仍然表现得像是被过去的事件或信息所控制。沟通分析是一种现代心理治疗模型，拥有自己独特的语言和人格理论。它指出，人们以特定方式与他人互动，以特定方式构建生死之间的时间结构，玩自己特定的游戏，并活出自己独特的脚本。理解沟通分析可以给人们带来希望，因为他们可以改变自己的脚本，选择自己想要重写人生计划的方式，而不必执着于过去的不当行为。沟通分析的创始人是埃里克·伯恩，一位深受弗洛伊德影响的精神科医生，尽管到1970年去世时，他在某些方面已成为弗洛伊德的批评者。沟通分析确实根植于心理动力学理论。在伯恩看来，沟通分析的人格基于对三种截然不同的自我状态的识别，具体称为父母、成人和儿童。伯恩认为，自我状态是“伴随相关行为模式系统的感受”。例如，自发的感受、顺从和反抗都是儿童自我状态的特征，个体在生命中的任何时候都可能激活它们。伯恩认识到，这三种自我状态必须存在于每个人身上，它们共同构成了独特的个体人格。对伯恩来说，自我状态不是角色，而是现象学现实。每个自我状态都关注该人过去实际发生的事情，他们的行为方式将决定他们此时此地的行为。他们当时所做的决定将决定他们现在所做的决定和行为。成人自我状态在儿童大约六个月时出现，主要关注评估事实、推理、思考、评价和回应可用数据。许多沟通分析作家将其描述为像计算机一样，只关注理性和逻辑。然而，我认为这种观点有些误导性，我更喜欢伯恩的评论，他将成人描述为来自一个整合的立场，这并不意味着当人激活成人自我状态时，他只是来自理性立场，而是他也能接触感受、思考和态度。实际上，这个人将成为“此时此地”的一部分，并从整合的成人立场体验和行动。语调可能是克制的、清晰的、精确的、干脆的、理性的、逻辑的。用词可能非常事实性。“我看到你很好，到伦敦有多远，现在几点了，今天很冷是事实！”上述所有词语和行为，将给你一些线索，了解那个人正在从哪种自我状态运作，从而你可以为自己改变情况。然而，必须记住，这些只是精确自我分析的一些线索，你需要更多证据或信息来进行积极准确的诊断。你可能需要询问更多历史问题，当然，你需要看到那个人在“此时此地”才能确定你的分析。
文章概要
本文介绍了沟通分析心理学的基本概念，特别是成人自我状态在决策中的作用。文章解释了沟通分析作为一种治疗工具，帮助人们实现自主性，摆脱过去行为模式的控制。重点阐述了成人自我状态的特征，包括理性思考、事实评估和逻辑推理，并强调其整合性，即不仅限于理性，还包含感受和态度。文章通过描述成人自我状态的语言和行为线索，说明了如何识别和应用这一状态，以促进积极改变和问题解决。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：沟通分析就像是我们心里有三个小房间，一个是父母房间，一个是成人房间，一个是儿童房间。成人房间最厉害，它像一个小电脑，会帮我们想事情、算东西，比如选家庭安防系统时，它会看哪个牌子好、多少钱、怎么装，而不是只听爸爸妈妈的话或者乱发脾气。这样我们就能自己做出聪明的决定，保护我们的家。
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价：从沟通分析心理学理论来看，成人自我状态在决策中扮演核心角色，它整合了理性、感受和态度，促进自主性和适应性行为。在家庭安防系统决策中，激活成人自我状态有助于个体基于事实和数据评估选项，避免受父母自我状态的“应该”或儿童自我状态的冲动影响，从而实现更有效的选择。这种状态体现了伯恩理论中的整合成人立场，强调“此时此地”的体验，为积极改变提供基础。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：成人自我状态在实践上可应用于多个领域，如职场决策、家庭规划、教育选择等。针对家庭安防系统决策，它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 如何理性比较不同安防产品的功能和价格；2. 如何避免因过去恐惧（儿童自我状态）而过度消费；3. 如何摆脱父母建议（父母自我状态）的束缚，做出个性化选择；4. 如何评估安装和维护的实际情况；5. 如何整合家庭成员的感受和需求；6. 如何应对紧急情况下的逻辑反应；7. 如何制定长期安防计划；8. 如何避免从众心理，基于事实决策；9. 如何提升自我效能感，增强自主性；10. 如何通过理性选择减少焦虑，提升安全感。