英文原文
Jet lag is a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder that occurs when your 24-hour internal clock does not match the local day-night cycle. Under normal circumstances, a person’s circadian clock promotes alertness during the day and sleep at night. In addition to sleep, this internal clock controls multiple biological processes including mood, performance, hormone release, metabolism, and immune function, among many others. The clock, and the rhythms it controls, are synchronized by the 24-hour light-dark cycle to promote normal function and good physical and mental health. When someone travels across many time zones quickly, the circadian clock cannot reset to the new light-dark cycle quickly enough, causing jet lag. Jet lag frequently contributes to the physical burden of long flights. Jet lag can throw off your sleep and cause other bothersome symptoms that persist for days or even weeks after a flight. Whether you’re traveling for business or pleasure, understanding jet lag can make long-distance trips more pleasant and less disruptive to sleep and overall health. Common jet lag symptoms include fatigue, insomnia, irritability, and digestive problems. The circadian clock takes about 1-1.5 days to adapt per time zone crossed. Light is the only environmental time cue that can reset the clock as quickly as possible. Travel fatigue includes symptoms like tiredness and headaches that can arise because of the physical toils of travel. Unlike jet lag, travel fatigue does not involve circadian rhythm disruption. For that reason, while travel fatigue usually goes away after a good night’s sleep, jet lag can persist for days or weeks until a person’s internal clock becomes realigned. It is possible to have both travel fatigue and jet lag after a long-haul flight, but jet lag is far more likely to cause lasting and extensive symptoms. The key to preventing and reducing jet lag is quickly realigning your circadian rhythm to synchronize with the time zone of your destination. Light is the most powerful influence on circadian rhythm, and strategic light exposure may help adjust your internal clock to avoid or reduce jet lag. Properly timed periods of both daylight and darkness can help sync your circadian rhythm with local time. Melatonin is a hormone that the body produces that helps to both make you feel sleepy and govern your circadian rhythm. Low-dose melatonin can help reset the clock and may help with sleep if taken at the right time. Modifying your sleep schedule in the two days leading up to your trip can be beneficial, so that when you arrive at your destination, there is less of a discrepancy between your circadian rhythm and the local time. A number of practical tips for before, during, and after your flight can help reduce sleep disruptions and travel fatigue so that you make the most of your trip. Before traveling, schedule the first days of your trip, minimize travel stress, and get quality sleep. During flight, stay hydrated, limit alcohol and caffeine, eat smart, and stand up and move. After arrival, exercise, limit alcohol, caffeine, and heavy meals, and nap with caution.
中文翻译
时差是一种昼夜节律睡眠-觉醒障碍,当你的24小时内部时钟与当地的昼夜周期不匹配时就会发生。正常情况下,人的昼夜节律时钟在白天促进警觉,在夜间促进睡眠。除了睡眠,这个内部时钟还控制着多种生物过程,包括情绪、表现、激素释放、新陈代谢和免疫功能等。时钟及其控制的节律通过24小时的光暗周期同步,以促进正常功能和良好的身心健康。当某人快速跨越多个时区旅行时,昼夜节律时钟无法足够快地重置到新的光暗周期,导致时差。时差常常增加长途飞行的身体负担。时差会打乱你的睡眠,并引起其他令人烦恼的症状,这些症状在飞行后持续数天甚至数周。无论你是出差还是休闲旅行,了解时差可以使长途旅行更愉快,减少对睡眠和整体健康的干扰。常见的时差症状包括疲劳、失眠、易怒和消化问题。昼夜节律时钟每跨越一个时区大约需要1-1.5天来适应。光是唯一可以尽可能快地重置时钟的环境时间线索。旅行疲劳包括疲劳和头痛等症状,这些症状可能因旅行的身体劳累而产生。与时差不同,旅行疲劳不涉及昼夜节律紊乱。因此,旅行疲劳通常在睡个好觉后消失,而时差可能持续数天或数周,直到人的内部时钟重新对齐。长途飞行后可能同时出现旅行疲劳和时差,但时差更可能引起持久和广泛的症状。预防和减少时差的关键是快速重新调整你的昼夜节律,以与目的地的时区同步。光是对昼夜节律最强大的影响,策略性的光照可能有助于调整你的内部时钟以避免或减少时差。适当安排的光照和黑暗时段可以帮助你的昼夜节律与当地时间同步。褪黑激素是身体产生的一种激素,有助于让你感到困倦并调节你的昼夜节律。低剂量的褪黑激素可以帮助重置时钟,如果在正确的时间服用,可能有助于睡眠。在旅行前两天修改你的睡眠时间表可能有益,这样当你到达目的地时,你的昼夜节律与当地时间之间的差异较小。一些在飞行前、飞行中和飞行后的实用技巧可以帮助减少睡眠干扰和旅行疲劳,从而使你充分利用旅行。旅行前,安排旅行的头几天,尽量减少旅行压力,并获得优质睡眠。飞行期间,保持水分,限制酒精和咖啡因,明智饮食,并站起来活动。到达后,锻炼,限制酒精、咖啡因和重餐,并谨慎小睡。
文章概要
本文探讨了时差和旅行疲劳的概念、症状、原因及预防策略。时差是由于快速跨越时区导致内部昼夜节律与外部环境不同步而引起的睡眠障碍,症状包括疲劳、失眠和情绪问题。旅行疲劳则源于旅行的身体劳累,症状较轻且恢复较快。文章强调了光暴露和褪黑激素在调整昼夜节律中的关键作用,并提供了旅行前、中、后的实用建议,如保持水分、限制刺激性物质和适当运动,以帮助成人自我状态有效应对这些挑战。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容:想象一下,你的身体里有一个小闹钟,它告诉你什么时候该醒着,什么时候该睡觉。当你坐飞机去很远的地方,比如从中国飞到美国,这个小闹钟就会搞不清楚时间,因为它还按照中国的时间走,但美国已经是白天或黑夜了。这就会让你感觉很累、睡不着觉,或者容易生气,这就是时差。旅行疲劳呢,就像你玩了一整天很累一样,睡一觉就好了,但时差可能需要好几天才能调整过来。我们可以用光照和一种叫褪黑激素的东西来帮助小闹钟快点适应新时间,还要记得多喝水、少喝咖啡和酒,这样旅行会更舒服。
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价:从沟通分析心理学角度看,时差和旅行疲劳的应对体现了成人自我状态的功能。成人自我状态是理性、客观的部分,负责处理信息和解决问题。在应对时差时,成人自我状态通过理解昼夜节律的科学原理(如光暴露和褪黑激素的作用),制定策略来调整睡眠和活动,这展示了其适应环境和做出明智决策的能力。旅行疲劳的管理同样需要成人自我状态来评估身体需求并采取行动,如保持水分和适当休息。这种应对过程强调了成人自我状态在维护身心健康中的核心作用,通过理性规划减少父母自我状态(可能产生的压力或批评)和儿童自我状态(可能出现的情绪化反应)的干扰,促进平衡的自我状态互动。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题:时差和旅行疲劳的应对策略可应用于多个领域,包括商务旅行、旅游休闲、运动员国际比赛、医疗健康、教育交流、远程工作、家庭生活、个人发展、社会适应和心理健康。这些策略可以帮助人们解决以下十个问题:1. 改善长途旅行后的睡眠质量,减少失眠困扰;2. 提升旅行期间的精力水平,避免过度疲劳;3. 稳定情绪,减少因时差引起的易怒或焦虑;4. 优化消化功能,缓解旅行中的肠胃不适;5. 增强认知能力,保持旅行中的注意力和记忆力;6. 支持身体恢复,促进运动表现和整体健康;7. 减少旅行压力,提高旅行体验的愉悦感;8. 适应新环境,快速调整到当地生活节奏;9. 预防慢性健康问题,如长期昼夜节律紊乱的风险;10. 培养自我管理技能,提升个人在变化情境中的适应力。