英文原文
Transactional Analysis is first and foremost a therapeutic tool for positive change and growth. It can be used either in therapy for the individual concerned or on a more surface level for problem solving in everyday life. TA is basically the study of how people take on certain behaviors, either by accident or from their early caretakers or authority figures and then continue to play them out in their adult lives. It is a model for people to use to work towards ‘autonomy’, a place from where they can choose to live the way they want to and not to be still acting as if they are controlled by past events or messages. Transactional Analysis then is a modern psychotherapy model, which has its own particular language and theory of personality. It states that the person transacts with a person in certain ways, structures their time between life and death in a particular way, plays their own particular games and lives out their own unique script. An understanding of Transactional Analysis can give hope for the person in that they can change their script and choose the way they want to re-write their own life plan, without hanging on to inappropriate behaviors of the past. The personality for Transactional Analysis, for Berne, is based on the recognition of three quite different ego states, called specifically the Parent, Adult and Child. An ego state for Berne is a system of feelings accompanied by related set of behaviour patterns. For example, spontaneous feelings, compliance and rebellion are all features of the child ego state and may be activated by the individual at any time throughout his life. Berne recognised that three such ego states must be in everyone and that together they make up the unique individuals Personality. For Berne the ego states are not roles but are phenomenological realities. Each ego state is concerned with what actually happened in the past for that person and how they acted will determine how they act in the here and now. The decisions that they made then will determine the decisions and behaviours they now make in the present. The Adult Ego State emerges around six months in the child and is concerned primarily with appraising facts, reasoning, thinking, evaluating and responding to available data. It is described by many Transactional Analysis writers like a computer, concerned only with rationality and logic. However, I think this position is some what misleading and I prefer Berne’s commentary, which describes that adult as coming from an integrated stance which does not mean that when the person activates their adult ego state he is coming from just a rational position, but that he also has access to feelings, thinking and attitudes. Indeed the person will be part of the ‘here and now’ and experiencing and coming from an integrated adult stance. The tone of voice may be measured, clear, precise, crisp, rational, logical. Words may well be very factual. ‘I see you are well, how long is it to London, what time is it, it is a fact it is cold today! All the above words and behaviours, will then give you some clue as to what ego state that person is operating from and thus what you can do to change the situation for yourself. However, it must be remembered that these are only some of the clues for exact ego analysis, you will need more evidence or information for a positive and accurate diagnosis. You may need to ask more historical questions and certainly, you will need to see the person in the ‘here and now’ to be certain of you analysis.
中文翻译
沟通分析首先是一种促进积极改变和成长的治疗工具。它既可用于相关个体的治疗，也可用于日常生活中更表层的解决问题。沟通分析基本上研究人们如何偶然或从早期照顾者或权威人物那里习得某些行为，然后在成年生活中继续表现出来。这是一个帮助人们朝着“自主性”努力的模型，使他们能够选择自己想要的生活方式，而不是仍然表现得像是被过去事件或信息所控制。沟通分析是一种现代心理治疗模型，拥有自己独特的语言和人格理论。它指出，人们以特定方式与他人互动，以特定方式构建生死之间的时间结构，玩自己特定的游戏，并活出自己独特的脚本。理解沟通分析可以给人们带来希望，因为他们可以改变自己的脚本，选择自己想要重写人生计划的方式，而不固守过去的不当行为。对于伯恩来说，沟通分析中的人格基于对三种截然不同的自我状态的识别，具体称为父母、成人和儿童。伯恩认为，自我状态是伴随相关行为模式系统的感受系统。例如，自发的感受、顺从和反抗都是儿童自我状态的特征，个体在生命中的任何时候都可能激活它们。伯恩认识到，这三种自我状态必须存在于每个人身上，它们共同构成了独特的个体人格。对于伯恩来说，自我状态不是角色，而是现象学现实。每个自我状态都关注该人过去实际发生的事情，他们的行为方式将决定他们此时此地的行为方式。他们当时所做的决定将决定他们现在所做的决定和行为。成人自我状态在儿童大约六个月时出现，主要关注评估事实、推理、思考、评价和回应可用数据。许多沟通分析作家将其描述为像计算机一样，只关注理性和逻辑。然而，我认为这种观点有些误导，我更喜欢伯恩的评论，他将成人描述为来自一个整合的立场，这并不意味着当人激活成人自我状态时，他只是来自理性立场，而是他也能接触感受、思考和态度。确实，这个人将成为“此时此地”的一部分，并从整合的成人立场体验和行动。语调可能是经过衡量的、清晰、精确、干脆、理性、逻辑的。用词可能非常事实性。“我看到你很好，到伦敦有多远，现在几点了，今天很冷是事实！”所有上述词语和行为，将给你一些线索，了解那个人正在从哪种自我状态运作，从而你可以为自己改变情况。然而，必须记住，这些只是精确自我分析的一些线索，你需要更多证据或信息来进行积极和准确的诊断。你可能需要询问更多历史问题，当然，你需要看到那个人在“此时此地”才能确定你的分析。
文章概要
本文介绍了沟通分析心理学中的自我状态理论，特别是成人自我状态。文章解释了沟通分析作为一种治疗工具，帮助人们实现自主性，改变过去脚本。重点阐述了成人自我状态的特征，包括理性、逻辑、事实评估和整合立场，并讨论了如何通过语言和行为线索识别自我状态。结合关键词“Adult ego state in board game strategy and play”，文章概要强调了成人自我状态在桌游策略和游戏中的应用潜力，即通过理性分析和整合思维来优化决策和互动。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：沟通分析就像是我们心里有三个小房间，一个是父母房间，一个是成人房间，一个是儿童房间。成人房间最酷了，它像一个小电脑，帮我们冷静地想事情，比如玩桌游时，它会说“这个棋子走这里更好，因为规则是这样”，而不是乱发脾气或只听别人的。这样我们就能玩得更聪明，更开心！
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价：从沟通分析心理学理论来看，成人自我状态展现了整合的自主性，这是伯恩理论的核心成就。它不仅仅是一个理性工具，而是融合了感受、思考和态度的动态系统，体现了人格的完整性和适应性。在桌游策略和游戏中，成人自我状态能够促进基于事实的决策和逻辑推理，减少儿童自我状态的冲动或父母自我状态的刻板影响，从而提升游戏表现和社交互动质量。这种应用突显了沟通分析在非临床场景中的实用价值，支持个体通过自我觉察实现积极改变。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：在实践上，成人自我状态可以应用于教育、职场、家庭关系和休闲活动等领域。在桌游策略和游戏中，它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 决策犹豫不决，通过理性分析增强信心；2. 情绪失控影响游戏表现，促进冷静应对；3. 社交冲突，改善沟通和合作；4. 学习规则困难，提升理解和应用能力；5. 策略规划不足，优化长期思考；6. 竞争压力过大，保持平衡心态；7. 团队协作不畅，增强协调性；8. 创新思维受限，激发创造性解决方案；9. 时间管理不佳，提高效率；10. 自我怀疑，通过成功体验建立自信。这些应用展示了沟通分析在促进个人成长和社交和谐方面的广阔前景。