成人学生自我发展研究揭示学术环境影响

📂 理论📅 2026/1/8 17:12:30👁️ 2 次阅读

英文原文

This study was based on the premise that one outcome of education is ego development. The research was based on Jane Loevinger's theory that ego development is the central frame-of-reference through which people view themselves and their relationships with others. The study looked for evidence of ego development in adult students and for contributing factors, including academic environments. It compared the ego levels of students aged 35 to 55 at two higher education institutes and some experiences that are common to most colleges.

The variables compared were based on Loevinger's levels of ego development and theories of academic environments of Moos, Pace, and Knefelkamp. The variables used were: ego development, type of school, background characteristics, relations with faculty, enthusiasm about school, opinions about academic environment and estimates of gains.

The study was done in two stages. Five hundred forty students responded to a questionnaire on background characteristics and selected portions of Pace's Measuring the Quality of College Student Experiences. From this group, 150 students were mailed Loevinger's Sentence Completion Test and 85 were returned. Study findings provided an opportunity to expand the knowledge about the ego levels of adult students.

Statistical analyses included chi-square and ANOVA. No statistically significant change in ego levels was found. No statistically significant differences were found between the ego levels of the students by schools or background characteristics.

There were differences in how the two total populations responded to the questionnaire about school, environment and personal gains. Students attending the small liberal arts college indicated that they were more enthusiastic about college, felt that their school placed a stronger emphasis on both the subjective and objective outcomes of college. These students felt that their school placed a higher emphasis on interpersonal relationships.

The students from the small liberal arts college were more likely to say that they had gained the most personally. Personal gains included development of values and standards, understanding of self, and the ability to work with others. These are characteristics that are indicative of ego growth.

Recommendations included additional research into maximizing developmental environments of adult students and faculty education on adult development and learning styles.

中文翻译

这项研究基于一个前提:教育的结果之一是自我发展。研究基于简·洛文杰的理论,即自我发展是人们看待自己及与他人关系的核心参照框架。研究寻找成人学生自我发展的证据及其影响因素,包括学术环境。它比较了两所高等教育机构中35至55岁学生的自我水平,以及大多数大学共有的某些经历。

比较的变量基于洛文杰的自我发展水平和穆斯、佩斯及克内费尔坎普的学术环境理论。使用的变量包括:自我发展、学校类型、背景特征、与教师的关系、对学校的热情、对学术环境的看法以及对收获的估计。

研究分两个阶段进行。540名学生回答了关于背景特征的问卷和佩斯的“测量大学生体验质量”的部分内容。从这组学生中,向150名学生邮寄了洛文杰的句子完成测试,85份被返回。研究结果为扩展关于成人学生自我水平的知识提供了机会。

统计分析包括卡方检验和方差分析。未发现自我水平有统计学上的显著变化。未发现不同学校或背景特征的学生自我水平之间存在统计学上的显著差异。

两个总体人群在回答关于学校、环境和个人收获的问卷时存在差异。就读小型文理学院的学生表示他们对大学更热情,认为他们的学校更强调大学的主观和客观结果。这些学生认为他们的学校更重视人际关系。

来自小型文理学院的学生更可能说他们个人收获最大。个人收获包括价值观和标准的发展、自我理解以及与他人合作的能力。这些是表明自我成长的特征。

建议包括对最大化成人学生发展环境的额外研究,以及关于成人发展和学习风格的教师教育。

文章概要

本研究探讨成人学生在教育环境中的自我发展,基于洛文杰的自我发展理论,调查学术环境对成人学生自我水平的影响。研究比较了两所高等教育机构中35至55岁学生的自我发展水平,发现虽然整体自我水平无显著变化,但小型文理学院的学生在热情、人际关系重视和个人收获方面表现更积极,这些因素与自我成长相关。研究建议进一步优化成人学习环境并加强教师培训。

高德明老师的评价

用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容:这个研究就像是在看大人上学时,他们的“自我”是怎么长大的。研究者发现,大人去上学,他们的“自我”水平没有一下子变高,但在小一点的学校里,大人更开心,更觉得学校重视交朋友,也觉得自己学到了更多关于自己怎么想和怎么和别人一起做事的东西。这就像在学校里,交朋友和学东西能让大人的“自我”变得更强大。

TA沟通分析心理学理论评价:从TA沟通分析心理学角度看,这项研究聚焦于成人学生的“成人自我状态”在教育环境中的发展。洛文杰的自我发展理论与TA中的自我状态概念有共鸣,特别是“成人自我状态”的成熟过程。研究显示,学术环境如小型文理学院更强调人际关系和主观体验,这促进了“成人自我状态”的整合,帮助成人学生更好地处理信息、做出决策并与他人协作。这体现了TA理论中环境对自我状态发展的支持作用,赞美了教育环境在培养健康“成人自我状态”方面的潜力。

在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题:这项研究可在成人教育、职场培训和心理咨询领域应用。它可以解决人们的十个问题:1. 帮助成人学习者提升自我认知和价值观发展;2. 改善教育机构的环境设计以促进成人学生成长;3. 增强教师对成人学习风格的理解和支持;4. 促进成人学生在学术环境中的积极人际关系;5. 提升成人学生的个人收获感和学习热情;6. 支持成人通过教育实现自我整合;7. 优化培训项目以最大化成人发展;8. 帮助成人应对学习中的挑战并增强适应能力;9. 促进成人学生在团队合作中的能力发展;10. 为成人教育政策提供基于TA理论的实践指导。