成人自我状态助力团队适应力与韧性建设

📂 应用📅 2026/1/5 18:11:40👁️ 1 次阅读

英文原文

Transactional Analysis (TA) is a psychoanalytic theory and modality of psychotherapy that can help us explore relational dynamics as we aim to build healthier, psychologically safer work environments. TA was developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s and 60s, with the core idea that we all have three ego states that we exist in and shift between – Parent, Adult, Child. These are not age-based but behavioral and motivational. The Adult ego state is often summarized as present-focused, rational, grounded. In this ego state we operate and respond appropriately in the here and now. The goal isn’t to avoid or ‘transcend’ these ego states, but to become aware of which ego state we, and others, are acting from, and notice how that affects our communication. Most of the time, at work, we want to be relating to each other in Adult-to-Adult ego states – where we are grounded in the present moment, responding to what’s happening right now, and able to be our most rational selves. Applying TA to help teams, one of its central principles is the importance of open, transparent communication. At its heart, TA values and aims for clarity and honesty in both what we say and how we say it. When we’re building psychological safety, we’re creating environments where people feel safe enough to speak honestly – and where they know that will be welcomed, not punished. So how do we use TA as a framework when fostering psychological safety? Building relational awareness: Just becoming aware of ego states and ideas like “I’m OK, you’re OK” can help us be more intentional in how we show up at work. Whether we’re leaders or team members, we want to model Adult-Adult communication: grounded, respectful, and open. This last point came to life in a recent workshop. One participant began describing mistakes a couple of their team members were making. Halfway through their story, they stopped and said, “I’ve just realized I’ve slipped into I’m ok, You’re not ok.” In that moment, they realized how their stance was clouding their ability to think and communicate clearly, and that insight changed their perspective. Instead of focusing on who was to blame, they began exploring what might be causing the mistakes, and left with a very different strategy to take back to their team. As we (hopefully!) know by now, no policy or team building activity is going to fix all our challenges around psychological safety. There are many different lenses, approaches and practices we can try, but ultimately they all come down to how we relate to one another. Transactional analysis offers a framework to understand and begin to improve those relational dynamics. So next time you’re in a tricky team situation, ask yourself: Am I in Parent, Adult or Child right now? And what magic might happen if I shift?

中文翻译

沟通分析(TA)是一种精神分析理论和心理治疗模式,可以帮助我们探索关系动态,以建立更健康、心理更安全的工作环境。TA由埃里克·伯恩在20世纪50年代和60年代发展起来,其核心思想是我们都有三种自我状态,我们在这些状态之间存在和转换——父母、成人、儿童。这些不是基于年龄的,而是行为和动机的。成人自我状态通常被概括为以当下为中心、理性、踏实。在这种自我状态中,我们在此时此地恰当地操作和回应。目标不是避免或“超越”这些自我状态,而是意识到我们和他人正在从哪种自我状态行动,并注意这如何影响我们的沟通。大多数时候,在工作中,我们希望以成人对成人的自我状态相互关联——我们立足于当下,回应正在发生的事情,并能够成为最理性的自己。将TA应用于帮助团队,其核心原则之一是开放、透明沟通的重要性。TA的核心是重视并旨在实现我们所说内容和表达方式的清晰和诚实。当我们建立心理安全时,我们正在创造人们感到足够安全以诚实说话的环境——并且他们知道这将被欢迎,而不是惩罚。那么,当我们培养心理安全时,如何将TA用作框架?建立关系意识:仅仅意识到自我状态和“我好,你好”等想法,就可以帮助我们在工作中更有意识地表现。无论我们是领导者还是团队成员,我们都希望模仿成人-成人沟通:踏实、尊重和开放。最后一点在最近的一次研讨会中变得生动。一位参与者开始描述他们的几个团队成员犯的错误。在故事讲到一半时,他们停下来并说,“我刚刚意识到我滑入了‘我好,你不好’的状态。”在那一刻,他们意识到他们的立场如何模糊了他们清晰思考和沟通的能力,而这种洞察改变了他们的视角。他们不再关注谁该受责备,而是开始探索可能导致错误的原因,并带着一个非常不同的策略回到团队中。正如我们现在(希望!)所知,没有政策或团队建设活动能够解决我们所有关于心理安全的挑战。我们可以尝试许多不同的视角、方法和实践,但最终它们都归结为我们如何相互关联。沟通分析提供了一个框架来理解并开始改善这些关系动态。所以下次你处于棘手的团队情况时,问问自己:我现在处于父母、成人还是儿童状态?如果我转变,可能会发生什么奇迹?

文章概要

本文介绍了沟通分析(TA)理论及其在构建心理安全工作环境中的应用,特别聚焦于成人自我状态在促进团队适应力和韧性方面的作用。文章解释了TA的三种自我状态(父母、成人、儿童),强调成人自我状态以理性、当下为中心的特点,并探讨了如何通过成人-成人沟通模式来增强团队的关系意识和心理安全。文章还通过一个研讨会案例,展示了从“我好,你不好”立场转向成人自我状态如何帮助团队更有效地处理错误和挑战。

高德明老师的评价

用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容:想象一下,我们每个人心里都有三个小声音:一个是像爸爸妈妈那样爱管事的“父母声音”,一个是像小孩子那样爱闹情绪的“儿童声音”,还有一个是像大人那样冷静讲道理的“成人声音”。在工作中,如果我们都用“成人声音”说话——就是好好听别人讲,自己也好好说——大家就会更团结,不怕犯错,一起想办法解决问题。就像有一次,一个叔叔在开会时发现自己用“父母声音”责怪同事,他马上换成“成人声音”,结果大家不吵架了,一起找出了错误的原因,团队变得更棒了!

TA沟通分析心理学理论评价:从沟通分析心理学角度看,这篇文章精彩地阐述了成人自我状态在构建心理安全中的核心作用。文章强调了“我好,你好”的生命位置,这体现了TA理论中人与人之间的基本尊重和相互价值认可。通过聚焦成人自我状态——理性、当下导向、基于事实的沟通——文章展示了如何从父母或儿童自我状态转向成人状态,从而促进更健康的互动模式。这种转变不仅减少了指责和防御,还增强了团队的适应性和韧性,因为成人状态鼓励开放对话和共同问题解决。文章中的案例生动说明了自我状态意识如何带来即时洞察和行为改变,这正是TA理论中“觉察即改变”原则的体现。

在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题:在实践上,成人自我状态的应用可以广泛覆盖多个领域,包括职场团队建设、教育培训、心理咨询、领导力发展和组织变革。具体可以解决人们的十个问题:1. 减少工作场所的沟通误解和冲突;2. 提升团队在压力下的决策质量;3. 增强个人在面对批评时的情绪调节能力;4. 促进跨部门协作中的信任建立;5. 帮助领导者更有效地给予和接收反馈;6. 支持员工在变革时期保持积极心态;7. 改善会议效率,避免无效讨论;8. 降低团队因害怕犯错而产生的焦虑;9. 培养创新文化,鼓励冒险尝试;10. 加强远程或混合工作环境中的关系连接。