英文原文
Transactional Analysis is first and foremost a therapeutic tool for positive change and growth. It can be used either in therapy for the individual concerned or on a more surface level for problem solving in everyday life. TA is basically the study of how people take on certain behaviors, either by accident or from their early caretakers or authority figures and then continue to play them out in their adult lives. It is a model for people to use to work towards ‘autonomy’, a place from where they can choose to live the way they want to and not to be still acting as if they are controlled by past events or messages. Transactional Analysis then is a modern psychotherapy model, which has; it’s own particular language and theory of personality. It states that the person transacts with a person in certain ways, structures their time between life and death in a particular way, plays their own particular games and lives out their own unique script. An understanding of Transactional Analysis can give hope for the person in that they can change their script and choose the way they want to re-write their own life plan, without hanging on to inappropriate behaviors of the past. The creator of Transactional Analysis Was Eric Berne, a Psychiatrist and a man who was largely influenced by Freud,though by the time of his death in 1970,he had become a,in some ways, a critic of Freud. Transactional Analysis though does have its roots in Psycho dynamic theory. The personality for Transactional Analysis, for Berne, is based on the recognition of three quite different ego states, called specifically the Parent, Adult and Child. An ego state for Berne is: ‘a system of feelings accompanied by related set of behaviour patterns.’ For example, spontaneous feelings, compliance and rebellion are all features of the child ego state and may be activated by the individual at any time throughout his life. Berne recognised that three such ego states must be in everyone and that together they make up the unique individuals Personality. For Berne the ego states are not roles but are phenomenological realities. Each ego state is concerned with what actually happened in the past for that person and how they acted will determine how they act in the here and now. The decisions that they made then will determine the decisions and behaviours they now make in the present. The Adult Ego State emerges around six months in the child and is concerned primarily with appraising facts, reasoning, thinking, evaluating and responding to available data. It is described by many Transactional Analysis writers like a computer, concerned only with rationality and logic. However, I think this position is some what misleading and I prefer Berne’s commentary, which describes that adult as coming from an integrated stance which does not mean that when the person activates their adult ego state he is coming from just a rational position, but that he also has access to feelings, thinking and attitudes. Indeed the person will be part of the ‘here and now’ and experiencing and coming from an integrated adult stance. The tone of voice may be measured, clear, precise, crisp, rational, logical. Words may well be very factual. ‘I see you are well, how long is it to London, what time is it, it is a fact it is cold today!’ All the above words and behaviours, will then give you some clue as to what ego state that person is operating from and thus what you can do to change the situation for yourself. However, it must be remembered that these are only some of the clues for exact ego analysis, you will need more evidence or information for a positive and accurate diagnosis. You may need to ask more historical questions and certainly, you will need to see the person in the ‘here and now’ to be certain of you analysis.
中文翻译
沟通分析首先是一种促进积极改变和成长的治疗工具。它既可用于相关个体的治疗，也可用于日常生活中更表层的解决问题。沟通分析基本上研究人们如何偶然或从早期照顾者或权威人物那里习得某些行为，然后在成年生活中继续表现出来。这是一个帮助人们朝着“自主性”努力的模型，在这个状态下，他们可以选择自己想要的生活方式，而不是仍然表现得好像被过去的事件或信息所控制。沟通分析是一种现代心理治疗模型，拥有自己独特的语言和人格理论。它指出，人们以特定方式与他人互动，以特定方式构建生死之间的时间，玩自己的特定游戏，活出自己独特的脚本。理解沟通分析可以给人们带来希望，因为他们可以改变自己的脚本，选择自己想要重写人生计划的方式，而不必执着于过去的不当行为。沟通分析的创始人是埃里克·伯恩，一位精神科医生，他深受弗洛伊德影响，尽管到1970年去世时，他在某些方面已成为弗洛伊德的批评者。沟通分析确实根植于心理动力学理论。对伯恩来说，沟通分析的人格基于对三种截然不同的自我状态的识别，具体称为父母、成人和儿童。伯恩认为，自我状态是“伴随相关行为模式系统的感受”。例如，自发的感受、顺从和反抗都是儿童自我状态的特征，个体可能在一生中的任何时候激活它们。伯恩认识到，这三种自我状态必须存在于每个人身上，它们共同构成了独特的个体人格。对伯恩来说，自我状态不是角色，而是现象学现实。每个自我状态都关注该人过去实际发生的事情，他们的行为方式将决定他们此时此地的行为方式。他们当时所做的决定将决定他们现在所做的决定和行为。成人自我状态在儿童约六个月大时出现，主要关注评估事实、推理、思考、评价和回应可用数据。许多沟通分析作家将其描述为像计算机一样，只关注理性和逻辑。然而，我认为这种观点有些误导，我更喜欢伯恩的评论，他将成人描述为来自一个整合的立场，这并不意味着当人激活成人自我状态时，他只是来自理性立场，而是他也能接触感受、思考和态度。确实，这个人将成为“此时此地”的一部分，体验并来自一个整合的成人立场。语调可能是审慎的、清晰的、精确的、干脆的、理性的、逻辑的。用词可能非常事实性。“我看到你很好，到伦敦有多远，现在几点了，今天很冷是事实！”上述所有词语和行为，将给你一些线索，了解那个人正在从哪种自我状态运作，从而你可以为自己做些什么来改变情况。然而，必须记住，这些只是精确自我分析的一些线索，你需要更多证据或信息来进行积极和准确的诊断。你可能需要问更多历史问题，当然，你需要看到那个人在“此时此地”才能确定你的分析。
文章概要
本文介绍了沟通分析心理学的基本概念，特别是成人自我状态。沟通分析是一种心理治疗工具，帮助人们实现积极改变和成长，通过理解父母、成人和儿童三种自我状态来促进自主性。成人自我状态关注事实评估、逻辑推理和整合感受，其表现包括审慎的语调和事实性用词。文章强调，准确识别自我状态需要结合历史信息和当前观察，以支持有效诊断和干预。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：沟通分析就像是我们心里有三个小房间，一个是父母房间，里面放着爸爸妈妈教我们的规则；一个是儿童房间，里面是我们小时候的感受和冲动；还有一个是成人房间，里面是我们现在能冷静思考和处理信息的地方。成人房间特别重要，因为它能帮我们像用电脑一样分析事情，做出好决定，同时也能感受到快乐和爱。当我们用成人房间时，说话会很清楚、有道理，比如问“现在几点？”或者“今天真冷啊！”。要了解别人用哪个房间，可以听他们说话的方式，但最好多看看他们现在的表现哦。
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价：从沟通分析心理学理论来看，本文精准阐述了成人自我状态的核心功能，即作为整合性立场，不仅处理理性数据，还容纳感受和态度，这体现了伯恩理论中“此时此地”的体验本质。成人自我状态在人格结构中扮演关键角色，促进自主性和脚本重写，与父母和儿童自我状态形成动态平衡。文章通过语调、用词等行为线索，提供了识别自我状态的实用方法，强化了沟通分析在人格评估中的应用价值。这种强调证据和诊断的取向，符合沟通分析对精确性和现实检验的重视，有助于提升治疗和日常问题解决的效能。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：在实践上，成人自我状态与健身追踪数据分析可应用于以下领域：健康管理、行为改变干预、职场效率提升、教育辅导、人际关系改善、压力管理、成瘾康复、自我成长计划、团队协作优化和心理咨询。可以解决人们的十个问题包括：1. 帮助人们基于健身数据理性设定健康目标，减少冲动决策；2. 通过数据分析识别行为模式，促进习惯改变；3. 在工作环境中，用成人自我状态优化时间管理，提高生产力；4. 在教育中，引导学生用事实评估学习进度，增强自主性；5. 改善沟通，避免父母或儿童自我状态引发的冲突；6. 管理压力，通过数据反馈调整应对策略；7. 支持成瘾者用理性思维分析触发因素，促进康复；8. 制定个人成长计划，整合感受和逻辑；9. 在团队中，促进基于数据的协作，减少情绪化反应；10. 在咨询中，利用健身数据作为客观证据，增强治疗联盟和效果。