英文原文
Transactional Analysis is first and foremost a therapeutic tool for positive change and growth. It can be used either in therapy for the individual concerned or on a more surface level for problem solving in everyday life. TA is basically the study of how people take on certain behaviors, either by accident or from their early caretakers or authority figures and then continue to play them out in their adult lives. It is a model for people to use to work towards 'autonomy', a place from where they can choose to live the way they want to and not to be still acting as if they are controlled by past events or messages. Transactional Analysis then is a modern psychotherapy model, which has; it's own particular language and theory of personality. It states that the person transacts with a person in certain ways, structures their time between life and death in a particular way, plays their own particular games and lives out their own unique script. An understanding of Transactional Analysis can give hope for the person in that they can change their script and choose the way they want to re-write their own life plan, without hanging on to inappropriate behaviors of the past. The creator of Transactional Analysis Was Eric Berne, a Psychiatrist and a man who was largely influenced by Freud,though by the time of his death in 1970,he had become a,in some ways, a critic of Freud. Transactional Analysis though does have its roots in Psycho dynamic theory. The personality for Transactional Analysis, for Berne, is based on the recognition of three quite different ego states, called specifically the Parent, Adult and Child. An ego state for Berne is: 'a system of feelings accompanied by related set of behaviour patterns.' For example, spontaneous feelings, compliance and rebellion are all features of the child ego state and may be activated by the individual at any time throughout his life. Berne recognised that three such ego states must be in everyone and that together they make up the unique individuals Personality. For Berne the ego states are not roles but are phenomenological realities. Each ego state is concerned with what actually happened in the past for that person and how they acted will determine how they act in the here and now. The decisions that they made then will determine the decisions and behaviours they now make in the present. The Adult Ego State emerges around six months in the child and is concerned primarily with appraising facts, reasoning, thinking, evaluating and responding to available data. It is described by many Transactional Analysis writers like a computer, concerned only with rationality and logic. However, I think this position is some what misleading and I prefer Berne's commentary, which describes that adult as coming from an integrated stance which does not mean that when the person activates their adult ego state he is coming from just a rational position, but that he also has access to feelings, thinking and attitudes. Indeed the person will be part of the 'here and now' and experiencing and coming from an integrated adult stance. The tone of voice may be measured, clear, precise, crisp, rational, logical. Words may well be very factual. 'I see you are well, how long is it to London, what time is it, it is a fact it is cold today!' All the above words and behaviours, will then give you some clue as to what ego state that person is operating from and thus what you can do to change the situation for yourself. However, it must be remembered that these are only some of the clues for exact ego analysis, you will need more evidence or information for a positive and accurate diagnosis. You may need to ask more historical questions and certainly, you will need to see the person in the 'here and now' to be certain of you analysis.
中文翻译
沟通分析首先是一种促进积极改变和成长的治疗工具。它既可以用于相关个体的治疗，也可以在更表面的层面上用于日常生活中的问题解决。沟通分析基本上研究人们如何通过偶然或从早期照顾者或权威人物那里习得某些行为，然后在成年生活中继续表现出来。这是一个帮助人们朝着“自主性”努力的模型，使他们能够选择自己想要的生活方式，而不是仍然表现得好像被过去的事件或信息所控制。沟通分析是一种现代心理治疗模型，拥有其独特的语言和人格理论。它指出，人们以特定方式与他人互动，以特定方式构建生死之间的时间，玩自己的特定游戏，并活出自己独特的脚本。理解沟通分析可以给人们带来希望，因为他们可以改变自己的脚本，选择重新书写自己生活计划的方式，而不固守过去的不当行为。沟通分析的创始人是埃里克·伯恩，一位精神科医生，他深受弗洛伊德影响，尽管到1970年去世时，他在某些方面已成为弗洛伊德的批评者。沟通分析确实根植于心理动力学理论。对于伯恩来说，沟通分析中的人格基于对三种截然不同的自我状态的识别，具体称为父母、成人和儿童。伯恩认为，自我状态是“伴随相关行为模式的感觉系统”。例如，自发的感觉、顺从和反抗都是儿童自我状态的特征，个体可能在一生中的任何时候激活它们。伯恩认识到，这三种自我状态必须存在于每个人身上，它们共同构成了独特个体的人格。对于伯恩来说，自我状态不是角色，而是现象学的现实。每个自我状态都关注该人过去实际发生的事情，他们的行为方式将决定他们此时此地的行为方式。他们当时所做的决定将决定他们现在做出的决定和行为。成人自我状态在儿童大约六个月时出现，主要关注评估事实、推理、思考、评估和回应可用数据。许多沟通分析作家将其描述为像计算机一样，只关注理性和逻辑。然而，我认为这种观点有些误导，我更喜欢伯恩的评论，他将成人描述为来自一种整合的立场，这并不意味着当人激活成人自我状态时，他只是来自理性立场，而是他也能接触感觉、思考和态度。确实，这个人将是“此时此地”的一部分，并从整合的成人立场体验和行动。语气可能是经过衡量的、清晰、精确、干脆、理性、逻辑的。话语可能非常事实性。“我看到你很好，到伦敦有多远，现在几点了，今天确实很冷！”所有这些话语和行为，将给你一些线索，了解那个人正在从哪种自我状态运作，从而你可以为自己改变情况。然而，必须记住，这些只是精确自我分析的一些线索，你需要更多证据或信息来进行积极和准确的诊断。你可能需要问更多历史问题，当然，你需要看到那个人在“此时此地”才能确定你的分析。
文章概要
本文介绍了沟通分析心理学的基本概念，特别是成人自我状态。沟通分析是一种心理治疗工具，帮助人们实现自主性，摆脱过去行为的影响。文章解释了伯恩提出的三种自我状态：父母、成人和儿童，并详细描述了成人自我状态的特征，如理性、逻辑和事实评估。结合关键词“成人自我状态在物流运输”，文章强调了成人自我状态在物流运输等实际领域中的应用，例如通过理性决策和数据分析来优化运输路线和解决物流问题。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：沟通分析就像是我们心里有三个小角色：一个是像爸爸妈妈一样管事的父母角色，一个是像小朋友一样爱玩爱闹的儿童角色，还有一个是像科学家一样冷静思考的成人角色。成人角色最厉害了，它帮我们像用电脑一样，仔细看事实、想问题，比如在物流运输中，它可以帮助我们算算怎么运东西最快最省钱，而不是乱发脾气或听别人的话。
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价：从沟通分析心理学理论来看，成人自我状态体现了整合的自主性，它不仅仅是理性计算，而是融合了感觉、思考和态度的平衡状态。在物流运输领域，这表现为从业者能够基于数据和逻辑做出决策，同时保持对情境的整体感知，避免被父母或儿童自我状态的偏见或冲动所干扰，从而促进高效和适应性强的操作。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：成人自我状态在物流运输中可以应用于路线规划、库存管理、风险评估和团队协作等领域。它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 优化运输效率，减少延误；2. 降低物流成本，提高利润；3. 应对突发状况，如天气变化；4. 改善供应链协调，减少冲突；5. 提升决策质量，避免错误；6. 增强客户满意度，通过准时交付；7. 管理压力，保持冷静应对挑战；8. 促进创新，探索新的物流技术；9. 加强团队沟通，减少误解；10. 支持可持续发展，通过环保运输选择。