英文原文
Transactional Analysis is first and foremost a therapeutic tool for positive change and growth. It can be used either in therapy for the individual concerned or on a more surface level for problem solving in everyday life. TA is basically the study of how people take on certain behaviors, either by accident or from their early caretakers or authority figures and then continue to play them out in their adult lives. It is a model for people to use to work towards ‘autonomy’, a place from where they can choose to live the way they want to and not to be still acting as if they are controlled by past events or messages. Transactional Analysis then is a modern psychotherapy model, which has; it’s own particular language and theory of personality. It states that the person transacts with a person in certain ways, structures their time between life and death in a particular way, plays their own particular games and lives out their own unique script. An understanding of Transactional Analysis can give hope for the person in that they can change their script and choose the way they want to re-write their own life plan, without hanging on to inappropriate behaviors of the past. The creator of Transactional Analysis Was Eric Berne, a Psychiatrist and a man who was largely influenced by Freud,though by the time of his death in 1970,he had become a,in some ways, a critic of Freud. Transactional Analysis though does have its roots in Psycho dynamic theory. The personality for Transactional Analysis, for Berne, is based on the recognition of three quite different ego states, called specifically the Parent, Adult and Child. An ego state for Berne is: ‘a system of feelings accompanied by related set of behaviour patterns.’ For example, spontaneous feelings, compliance and rebellion are all features of the child ego state and may be activated by the individual at any time throughout his life. Berne recognised that three such ego states must be in everyone and that together they make up the unique individuals Personality. For Berne the ego states are not roles but are phenomenological realities. Each ego state is concerned with what actually happened in the past for that person and how they acted will determine how they act in the here and now. The decisions that they made then will determine the decisions and behaviours they now make in the present. The Adult Ego State emerges around six months in the child and is concerned primarily with appraising facts, reasoning, thinking, evaluating and responding to available data. It is described by many Transactional Analysis writers like a computer, concerned only with rationality and logic. However, I think this position is some what misleading and I prefer Berne’s commentary, which describes that adult as coming from an integrated stance which does not mean that when the person activates their adult ego state he is coming from just a rational position, but that he also has access to feelings, thinking and attitudes. Indeed the person will be part of the ‘here and now’ and experiencing and coming from an integrated adult stance. The Adult Ego State is primarily concerned with appraising facts, reasoning, thinking, evaluating and responding to available data. In the context of food preservation methods, the Adult Ego State would involve logically assessing information about different preservation techniques, such as canning, freezing, drying, or fermenting, based on scientific evidence and practical considerations. For instance, when deciding how to preserve seasonal fruits, a person operating from their Adult Ego State might research the nutritional benefits, safety guidelines, and cost-effectiveness of various methods, rather than relying on past habits or emotional impulses. This ego state enables individuals to make informed choices that align with current needs and goals, fostering autonomy and positive change in daily life practices.
中文翻译
沟通分析首先是一种促进积极改变和成长的治疗工具。它既可用于相关个体的治疗，也可用于日常生活中更表层的解决问题。沟通分析基本上研究人们如何偶然或从早期照顾者或权威人物那里习得某些行为，然后在成年生活中继续表现出来。这是一个帮助人们朝着“自主性”努力的模型，使他们能够选择自己想要的生活方式，而不是仍然表现得好像被过去的事件或信息所控制。沟通分析是一种现代心理治疗模型，拥有自己独特的语言和人格理论。它指出，人们以特定方式与他人互动，以特定方式构建生死之间的时间，玩自己的游戏，活出自己独特的脚本。理解沟通分析可以给人带来希望，因为他们可以改变自己的脚本，选择重新书写自己人生计划的方式，而不必固守过去的不当行为。沟通分析的创始人是埃里克·伯恩，一位深受弗洛伊德影响的精神科医生，尽管到1970年去世时，他在某些方面已成为弗洛伊德的批评者。沟通分析确实根植于心理动力学理论。对伯恩来说，沟通分析中的人格基于对三种截然不同的自我状态的识别，具体称为父母、成人和儿童。伯恩认为，自我状态是“伴随相关行为模式系统的感受”。例如，自发的感受、顺从和反抗都是儿童自我状态的特征，个体在生命中的任何时候都可能激活它们。伯恩认识到，这三种自我状态必须存在于每个人身上，它们共同构成了独特的个体人格。对伯恩来说，自我状态不是角色，而是现象学现实。每个自我状态都关注该人过去实际发生的事情，他们的行为方式将决定他们此时此地的行为方式。他们当时做出的决定将决定他们现在做出的决定和行为。成人自我状态在儿童大约六个月时出现，主要关注评估事实、推理、思考、评估和回应可用数据。许多沟通分析作家将其描述为像计算机一样，只关注理性和逻辑。然而，我认为这种立场有些误导性，我更喜欢伯恩的评论，他将成人描述为来自一个整合的立场，这并不意味着当人激活成人自我状态时，他只是来自理性立场，而是他也能接触感受、思考和态度。实际上，人将成为“此时此地”的一部分，体验并来自一个整合的成人立场。成人自我状态主要关注评估事实、推理、思考、评估和回应可用数据。在食物保存方法的背景下，成人自我状态将涉及基于科学证据和实际考虑，逻辑评估不同保存技术的信息，如罐装、冷冻、干燥或发酵。例如，当决定如何保存季节性水果时，从成人自我状态操作的人可能会研究各种方法的营养益处、安全指南和成本效益，而不是依赖过去的习惯或情感冲动。这种自我状态使个人能够做出符合当前需求和目标的明智选择，促进日常生活中的自主性和积极改变。
文章概要
本文介绍了沟通分析心理学中的自我状态理论，特别是成人自我状态，并结合关键词“成人自我状态与食物保存方法”，探讨了成人自我状态在理性决策中的应用。文章解释了沟通分析作为治疗工具，帮助人们实现自主性和积极改变，强调成人自我状态涉及逻辑思考、事实评估和整合立场。在食物保存方法的情境中，成人自我状态使个体能够基于科学信息做出明智选择，如选择罐装、冷冻等技术，而不是受过去习惯或情感驱动，从而促进日常生活中的有效问题解决和成长。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：想象一下，你的大脑里有三个小声音：一个是像爸爸妈妈那样告诉你该做什么的父母声音，一个是像小孩子那样想玩就玩的儿童声音，还有一个是像科学家那样冷静思考的成人声音。当我们谈论保存食物，比如不让水果坏掉时，成人声音会帮我们查资料、算成本，选择最好的方法，比如冷冻或罐装，而不是只听过去的习惯或凭感觉乱来。这样，我们就能更聪明地处理事情，让自己变得更好！
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价：从沟通分析心理学角度看，本文精彩地阐述了成人自我状态的核心功能——整合理性与情感，促进自主决策。伯恩的理论强调，成人自我状态不仅是逻辑计算机，更是融合感受和态度的“此时此地”体验，这在食物保存方法的应用中得到了生动体现。个体通过激活成人自我状态，能够超越父母自我状态的“应该”规则和儿童自我状态的冲动，基于事实评估做出适应性选择，这完美契合沟通分析追求“自主性”的目标。文章展示了如何从过去脚本中解放出来，用成人自我状态重写人生计划，体现了理论的实用性和变革力量。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：在实践上，成人自我状态可应用于多个领域，如教育、职场、家庭生活和健康管理。具体可解决人们的十个问题：1. 帮助学生在学习中理性规划时间，避免拖延或冲动放弃；2. 协助职场人士基于数据做出职业决策，减少情绪化反应；3. 促进家庭沟通中的冷静讨论，替代争吵或逃避；4. 支持个人在财务管理中客观评估支出，克服冲动购物；5. 引导人们在饮食选择上科学搭配，而非受广告或习惯驱使；6. 辅助健身爱好者制定合理锻炼计划，避免过度或不足；7. 帮助个体在冲突解决中分析事实，而非陷入指责或受害心态；8. 促进环保行为中的理性参与，如垃圾分类或节能措施；9. 支持旅行规划中的安全评估，减少风险行为；10. 增强日常问题解决能力，如家电维修或时间管理，提升生活效率。这些应用都彰显了成人自我状态在培养自主性和积极改变中的关键作用。