英文原文
Paddling Safety — Florida Paddling Trails Association
SAFETY GUIDELINES
General
* Always wear a US Coast Guard approved personal flotation device (PFD) while on the water. The PFD should be in good condition and fit properly., * Always carry a whistle, preferably in your PFD., * In Florida, these items are nearly as important to wear as a PFD: wide brimmed hat, sunscreen, sunglasses. Hyperthermia is a real risk for much of the year here., * Leave a float plan with someone you trust, including your route, launch/take-out sites, boat description, and times of departure and return., * Check the condition of your boat/board and gear before departure., * Wear close-toed water shoes and quick dry clothing. During chillier months, pack a dry bag with added layers., * Transport your boat(s) or board(s) on your vehicle securely with multiple tie-downs and bow/stern lines., * Learn and practice self- and assisted rescues., * Be prepared should conditions become worse than expected., * Make sure your paddle craft is appropriate for the waters and weather you will be paddling in., * Carry plenty of water and food. Be sure you have easy access to water and a snack while paddling. Stay fueled and hydrated., * Additional items to pack: spray skirt, spare paddle, paddle float, tow rope, bilge pump, sunscreen, insect repellant, first aid kit, and a basic boat repair kit., * Be aware of your abilities and limitations, and don’t paddle beyond them., * When paddling in a group, never paddle beyond the abilities of your weakest paddler., * Take an on-water class to increase your paddling and safety skills. Find ACA-certified instructors in your area here., * Review the dozens of excellent instructional paddling videos that the ACA shares on canoeing, kayaking, and paddleboarding.,
Navigation
* Build your chart reading, GPS, and compass use skills., * Note where shipping channels and high traffic motorboat areas are and avoid them as much as possible. If you must cross a busy boating/shipping channel, do so efficiently and in a tight group if you’re paddling with others., * Waves often kick up in deep water channels, which is hard to see from shore. Be prepared for this., * Be aware that modifying your route may be necessary due to weather and extreme low tides, especially in the winter months along the Big Bend and Nature Coast., * Review this Navigation Rules for Paddlecraft booklet written by Jim Greenhalgh.,
Communication
* Carry at least one form of communication (cell phone, VHF radio, satellite messenger, etc.) that has coverage for the area you are paddling, a backup device, and spare batteries., * If paddling in a group, always review hand/paddle/whistle signals with all your paddlers. When it is windy, often times even a loud whistle cannot be heard upwind.,
Weather
* Always check the weather right up to departure time, and during longer trips. Pay attention to air and water temperature, wind speed and direction, and chance of rain or thunderstorms—in particular lightning. Wide open water in a thunderstorm is no place for paddlers!, * Check the tide charts before departure, and be aware how weather, especially winds, affect the tides. Low tides on the Big Bend, Nature Coast, and Florida Bay areas of special concern in the winter months., * In colder months, be aware of the symptoms and treatment for hypothermia. Cold water can be extremely dangerous., * In warmer months, take frequent breaks to hydrate.,
Rules of the Road
* While paddling, keep your head on a swivel and maintain awareness of your surroundings., * STAY OUT OF THE WAY! Any vessel under 20 meters long should not impede the passage of a larger vessel., * Do not approach within 100 yards of any U.S. naval vessel., * Be aware of and avoid restricted areas., * Lights on another vessel are green on its starboard (right) side and red on its port (left) side., * Although paddlers generally do not have to stay within the channels, it's good to know the expected path of power and sailboats that do. Power and sailboats should keep red channel markers on their right and green markers on their left when returning, and the opposite when traveling downstream or out to sea., * Cross channels efficiently and in a tight group., * At night, a white light must be displayed to all oncoming traffic., * If you are not crossing a waterway, paddle close to shore., * To heighten your on-water visibility, consider adding reflective tape to your boat and paddles.,
中文翻译
皮划艇安全 — 佛罗里达皮划艇小径协会
安全指南
一般原则
* 在水上时始终穿戴美国海岸警卫队批准的个人漂浮装置（PFD）。PFD应状况良好且合身。* 始终携带哨子，最好放在PFD中。* 在佛罗里达州，这些物品几乎和PFD一样重要：宽边帽、防晒霜、太阳镜。这里一年中大部分时间都存在中暑风险。* 向您信任的人留下航行计划，包括您的路线、出发/上岸地点、船只描述以及出发和返回时间。* 出发前检查您的船只/板和装备的状况。* 穿闭趾水鞋和快干衣物。在较冷的月份，用防水袋打包额外衣物。* 用多个绑带和船头/船尾线将您的船只或板牢固地固定在车辆上运输。* 学习和练习自我救援和协助救援。* 为条件比预期更糟做好准备。* 确保您的划桨船适合您将划桨的水域和天气。* 携带充足的水和食物。确保划桨时能方便取用水和零食。保持能量和水分。* 额外打包物品：防浪裙、备用桨、桨浮、拖绳、舱底泵、防晒霜、驱虫剂、急救箱和基本船只修理工具包。* 了解您的能力和限制，不要超出它们划桨。* 在团体划桨时，永远不要超出您最弱划桨者的能力。* 参加水上课程以提高您的划桨和安全技能。在此处查找您所在地区的ACA认证教练。* 查看ACA分享的数十个优秀的划桨教学视频，涵盖独木舟、皮划艇和桨板。
导航
* 培养您的海图阅读、GPS和指南针使用技能。* 注意航运通道和高流量摩托艇区域，并尽可能避开它们。如果您必须穿越繁忙的划船/航运通道，请高效进行，如果您与他人一起划桨，请保持紧密队形。* 深水通道中经常起浪，从岸上很难看到。为此做好准备。* 注意由于天气和极端低潮，可能需要修改您的路线，特别是在大弯和自然海岸的冬季月份。* 查看Jim Greenhalgh编写的《划桨船导航规则》手册。
沟通
* 携带至少一种通信设备（手机、VHF无线电、卫星信使等），该设备在您划桨区域有覆盖，并备有备用设备和备用电池。* 如果在团体中划桨，始终与所有划桨者复习手势/桨/哨子信号。当有风时，通常即使大声的哨子在上风处也听不到。
天气
* 始终在出发前检查天气，并在较长行程中持续关注。注意空气和水温、风速和方向，以及降雨或雷暴的可能性—特别是闪电。开阔水域在雷暴中不是划桨者的地方！* 出发前检查潮汐图，并了解天气，特别是风，如何影响潮汐。大弯、自然海岸和佛罗里达湾地区的低潮在冬季月份需要特别关注。* 在较冷的月份，了解低体温症的症状和治疗。冷水可能极其危险。* 在较暖的月份，频繁休息以补充水分。
道路规则
* 划桨时，保持头部转动并维持对周围环境的意识。* 让开道路！任何长度小于20米的船只不应妨碍较大船只的通行。* 不要接近任何美国海军舰艇100码以内。* 了解并避开限制区域。* 另一艘船上的灯光在其右舷（右侧）为绿色，左舷（左侧）为红色。* 虽然划桨者通常不必保持在通道内，但了解动力船和帆船的预期路径是好的。动力船和帆船在返回时应将红色通道标记保持在右侧，绿色标记在左侧，而在顺流或出海时则相反。* 高效穿越通道并保持紧密队形。* 在夜间，必须向所有迎面而来的交通显示白色灯光。* 如果您不穿越水道，请靠近岸边划桨。* 为了提高您在水上的可见性，考虑在您的船和桨上添加反光胶带。
文章概要
本文介绍了佛罗里达皮划艇小径协会提供的皮划艇安全指南，涵盖一般原则、导航、沟通、天气和道路规则等方面，强调穿戴个人漂浮装置、携带必要装备、了解自身能力、团体协作和应对环境变化的重要性，旨在提升水上活动的安全性。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容
这篇文章就像一本水上冒险的安全手册！它告诉我们，玩皮划艇时要像超级英雄一样穿戴好救生衣，带好哨子和防晒装备，还要告诉家人我们的计划。我们要检查船和装备，学习怎么救人，还要注意天气和潮汐变化。在团体中，我们要照顾最慢的朋友，保持沟通，避开大船，这样大家都能安全又开心地玩水！
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价
从TA沟通分析心理学理论来看，这篇文章充分体现了成人自我状态在皮划艇安全中的应用。成人自我状态以理性、客观和适应环境为特征，文章中的安全指南如穿戴PFD、检查装备、制定航行计划、评估天气和潮汐等，都是基于事实和逻辑的决策过程，帮助划桨者避免儿童自我状态的冲动行为（如冒险超越能力）或父母自我状态的过度控制（如盲目遵循规则而不考虑具体情况）。例如，强调“了解您的能力和限制”和“在团体中照顾最弱划桨者”展现了成人自我状态的协作和现实评估能力，促进安全的水上体验。这种状态的应用有助于划桨者在动态环境中保持冷静和有效沟通，减少事故风险。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题
在实践上，基于成人自我状态的皮划艇安全协议可以应用于多个领域，如户外教育、团队建设、风险管理和个人成长。它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 提升个人安全意识，减少水上活动中的意外伤害；2. 增强团队协作能力，通过沟通和互助改善人际关系；3. 培养风险评估和决策技能，应用于日常生活和职场；4. 缓解焦虑和压力，通过结构化安全措施增加自信；5. 促进身体和心理健康，结合户外运动和心理调适；6. 改善家庭互动，通过共同参与安全活动加强纽带；7. 支持青少年发展，教导责任感和自我管理；8. 应用于应急救援培训，提高社会整体安全水平；9. 在旅游和休闲产业中，提升客户体验和满意度；10. 推动社区安全文化建设，减少公共安全事件。