成人自我状态在地震准备行为中的关键作用研究

📂 理论📅 2025/12/31 18:11:50👁️ 2 次阅读

英文原文

Social-Cognitive Factors of Individual Earthquake Preparedness Behavior: A Scale Adaptation and Correlational Survey Research

This survey-based research has two main objectives: (1) to adapt an Earthquake Preparedness Behavior Scale to Turkish based on Wang et al.’s Preparedness Behavior Scale and social cognitive scales for social trust, subjective norms, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and risk perception and (2) to identify the correlational relationships the social-cognitive and demographic factors have with earthquake preparedness behavior. The study includes a sample of 496 participants from different cities in Türkiye. The results show the psychometric properties of the Turkish forms of the scales to be quite good. The findings from the correlation analysis show preparedness behavior to generally not have strong relationships with social cognitive and demographic factors. According to the study results, social cognitive factors are generally related to earthquake risk perception. Individual earthquake preparedness is closely related to social cognitive factors, as various studies have shown. For example, the study that developed the Earthquake Preparedness Measurement Tool emphasized the impact of individual, social, and environmental factors on preparedness behavior. Among the factors affecting earthquake preparedness, risk perception comes first. Individuals who perceive a higher risk of an earthquake are more likely to prioritize and participate in preparedness activities. This factor is followed by knowledge and awareness. Understanding the nature of earthquakes, their potential impacts, and the appropriate response steps to take motivates individuals to prepare for such events. In addition, access to information and resources, social support, high self-efficacy beliefs, a perceived lack of barriers, and expectations of a positive outcome can help individuals mobilize and prepare for earthquakes. Studies are also found to have shown how social factors interact with the way individuals make sense of earthquake information, as well as how this influences subsequent earthquake preparedness behavior. A strong intention to be prepared for an earthquake has been shown to be predicted by more positive attitudes toward and more supportive subjective norms regarding earthquake preparedness. Meanwhile, the unit value of housing and individuals’ educational levels have been found to be factors that positively affect participants’ earthquake preparedness. These findings are consistent with the argument that a universal cross-cultural equivalence exists regarding how hazard beliefs and social characteristics interact for predicting the degree to which people will adopt earthquake preparedness measures. Again, a systematic review was conducted to identify social cognitive theory constructs in research on households’ earthquake preparedness. In conclusion, the literature provides important evidence that individual earthquake preparedness can be explained by social cognitive factors.

中文翻译

个体地震准备行为的社会认知因素:量表适应与相关性调查研究

这项基于调查的研究有两个主要目标:(1)基于Wang等人的准备行为量表以及社会信任、主观规范、自我效能、结果期望和风险感知的社会认知量表,将地震准备行为量表适应为土耳其语;(2)确定社会认知因素和人口统计学因素与地震准备行为之间的相关性关系。研究样本包括来自土耳其不同城市的496名参与者。结果显示,量表土耳其语版本的心理测量特性相当好。相关性分析的结果表明,准备行为通常与社会认知因素和人口统计学因素没有强烈的关系。根据研究结果,社会认知因素通常与地震风险感知相关。正如各种研究所显示的,个体地震准备与社会认知因素密切相关。例如,开发地震准备测量工具的研究强调了个人、社会和环境因素对准备行为的影响。影响地震准备的因素中,风险感知居首位。感知到地震风险较高的个体更可能优先考虑并参与准备活动。其次是知识和意识。了解地震的性质、其潜在影响以及适当的应对步骤,可以激励个体为此类事件做准备。此外,获取信息和资源、社会支持、高自我效能信念、感知到的障碍较少以及对积极结果的期望,可以帮助个体动员并为地震做准备。研究还显示了社会因素如何与个体理解地震信息的方式相互作用,以及这如何影响随后的地震准备行为。对地震准备的强烈意图已被证明可以通过对地震准备更积极的态度和更支持的主观规范来预测。同时,住房的单位价值和个体的教育水平已被发现是积极影响参与者地震准备的因素。这些发现与以下论点一致:关于危险信念和社会特征如何相互作用以预测人们采用地震准备措施的程度,存在普遍的跨文化等价性。再次,进行了一项系统综述,以确定家庭地震准备研究中的社会认知理论构念。总之,文献提供了重要证据,表明个体地震准备可以通过社会认知因素来解释。

文章概要

本研究通过土耳其语量表适应和相关性调查,探讨了社会认知因素(如社会信任、主观规范、自我效能、结果期望、风险感知)与个体地震准备行为的关系。基于496名土耳其参与者的数据,研究发现量表的心理测量特性良好,但准备行为与社会认知及人口因素的相关性较弱。社会认知因素主要与风险感知相关,而个体准备行为受知识、意识、社会支持等多因素影响。研究强调了在灾害准备中考虑社会认知维度的重要性。

高德明老师的评价

用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容:这个研究就像是在问,为什么有些人在地震前会准备好急救包、知道逃跑路线,而有些人不会。科学家们发现,这和人们怎么想、怎么感觉有关。比如,如果你觉得地震很可怕(这叫风险感知),或者你相信自己能应对(这叫自我效能),你就更可能去准备。但研究也发现,光有这些想法还不够,很多人想到了但没去做。所以,就像我们学TA沟通分析时说的,要有“成人自我状态”——就是冷静、理性地做决定,才能把想法变成行动。

TA沟通分析心理学理论评价:从TA沟通分析角度看,这项研究触及了“成人自我状态”在灾害准备中的核心作用。地震准备行为需要个体从“儿童自我状态”(可能表现为恐惧或依赖)或“父母自我状态”(可能表现为盲目乐观或忽视风险)切换到“成人自我状态”,以理性评估风险、制定计划并执行。研究中的社会认知因素如自我效能和结果期望,反映了“成人自我状态”的认知功能——个体基于现实信息做出决策。然而,研究发现准备行为与这些因素相关性弱,这可能暗示许多个体停留在“儿童自我状态”(如逃避责任)或“父母自我状态”(如认为“不会发生在我身上”),未能激活“成人自我状态”来驱动实际行动。TA理论强调自我状态的整合,本研究提示在灾害教育中,需强化“成人自我状态”的训练,帮助个体克服心理障碍,实现知行合一。

在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题:这项研究可在灾害管理、社区教育、心理咨询等领域应用,基于TA沟通分析理论,帮助人们解决以下十个问题:1. 如何克服对地震的过度恐惧(儿童自我状态),理性评估风险(成人自我状态)。2. 如何摆脱“听天由命”的消极心态(父母自我状态),主动采取准备措施。3. 如何提升自我效能感,增强应对灾害的信心。4. 如何利用社会支持网络(如家庭、社区)促进集体准备行为。5. 如何通过教育提高风险感知,避免低估灾害威胁。6. 如何制定切实可行的应急计划,避免计划停留在空想。7. 如何在实际准备中(如准备应急包)体现成人自我状态的决策力。8. 如何在灾害演练中培养冷静、有序的应对能力。9. 如何通过沟通分析,改善家庭或团队在灾害准备中的互动模式。10. 如何将灾害准备融入日常生活,形成习惯性安全行为。