英文原文
Ego State Theory
As you attempt to communicate with another person during a crisis situation, understanding the ego states that you and the other person are in may help you handle the situation more effectively.
Through observations made in social settings, researchers have noticed that people will change their posture, viewpoint, voice, vocabulary, and other aspects of their behavior during an activity. As the behavior changes, shifts in feeling also may occur. It is these changes in feelings and behavior that result in three different ego states.
Parent State In this state, your state of mind resembles that of one of your parents. You, therefore, respond as he or she would have with the same posture, gestures, vocabulary, feelings, etc. A person in the parent state wants to control the situation by Establishing rules and setting boundaries, Giving directives, Providing discipline, Being the authority.
Child State In this state, you react as you would have when you were a young boy or girl. A person in the child state responds to a situation by Becoming emotional and getting angry quickly, Following directions or rebelling against authority, Not filtering what he or she says.
Adult State In this state, you review the situation objectively and respond in a non-prejudicial manner. A person in the adult state reacts to a situation by Not dictating to others, Using good judgment instead of emotions to make decisions, Making a careful assessment of the situation, Showing respect for others and being willing to compromise.
The parent and child ego states are not good for verbal negotiation. Here is an example. One person is in the parent state and responds to a situation by getting angry and giving directives. The person says things like, “Don’t do that” or “Do what I say.” The other person is then likely to switch to the child state. The person says things like, “I will if I want to” or “I don’t have to listen to you” or “You can’t make me do that.” The result is that the person in the parent state tends to become even more parental and the person in the child state tends to become more childlike. As this occurs, conflict results.
For the best results, you should respond adult to adult when negotiating.
中文翻译
自我状态理论
当你在危机情况下尝试与另一个人沟通时，理解你和他人的自我状态可能有助于更有效地处理情况。
通过对社交场合的观察，研究人员注意到人们在活动中会改变姿势、观点、声音、词汇和其他行为方面。随着行为的变化，感受也可能发生转变。正是这些感受和行为的变化导致了三种不同的自我状态。
父母状态在这种状态下，你的心态类似于你父母之一的心态。因此，你会以相同的姿势、手势、词汇、感受等做出反应。处于父母状态的人希望通过以下方式控制情况建立规则和设定界限、给出指令、提供纪律、成为权威。
儿童状态在这种状态下，你会像小时候一样做出反应。处于儿童状态的人通过以下方式应对情况变得情绪化并迅速生气、遵循指示或反抗权威、不过滤自己说的话。
成人状态在这种状态下，你客观地审视情况并以无偏见的方式做出反应。处于成人状态的人通过以下方式应对情况不对他人发号施令、使用良好判断而非情绪做决策、仔细评估情况、尊重他人并愿意妥协。
父母和儿童自我状态不适合口头谈判。这里有一个例子。一个人处于父母状态，通过生气和给出指令来应对情况。这个人会说“不要那样做”或“按我说的做”。另一个人则可能切换到儿童状态。这个人会说“我想做就做”或“我不必听你的”或“你不能强迫我那样做”。结果是，处于父母状态的人往往变得更加父母化，而处于儿童状态的人往往变得更加孩子气。当这种情况发生时，冲突就会产生。
为了获得最佳结果，在谈判时你应该以成人对成人的方式回应。
文章概要
本文介绍了自我状态理论，重点阐述了在危机沟通中理解父母、儿童和成人三种自我状态的重要性。文章指出，父母状态表现为控制欲和权威性，儿童状态表现为情绪化和反抗性，而成人状态则强调客观评估、理性决策和尊重妥协。通过示例说明父母与儿童状态互动易引发冲突，并强调在谈判和应急响应中采用成人对成人沟通方式能提升效果，这与关键词“成人自我状态在应急准备和灾难响应中”的应用高度相关。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容
想象一下，当有紧急情况时，比如地震或火灾，人们可能会像爸爸妈妈一样命令别人，或者像小孩子一样发脾气。但最好的方式是像大人一样冷静思考，好好说话，这样大家才能一起解决问题，不会吵架。
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价
从TA沟通分析心理学理论来看，这篇文章清晰地阐述了自我状态的三种类型及其在危机沟通中的动态。成人自我状态被强调为理性、客观和合作的核心，这符合TA理论中“成人”作为信息处理器和问题解决者的角色。文章通过父母和儿童状态的互动示例，生动展示了互补交易和交叉交易如何导致冲突，而成人对成人交易则促进有效沟通。这种分析突出了在高压环境下维持成人状态的重要性，体现了TA理论在理解人际互动模式方面的实用价值。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题
在实践上，成人自我状态理论可应用于应急管理、灾难响应、危机干预、团队协作、冲突调解、领导力发展、客户服务、教育培训、医疗沟通和家庭关系等领域。它可以解决人们的十个问题，包括在压力下保持冷静决策、减少沟通误解、提升团队合作效率、避免权威冲突、管理情绪爆发、促进理性谈判、增强应急响应协调、改善领导沟通、支持心理恢复和构建和谐人际关系。