英文原文
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify and reveal the different contexts, variables, and factors that may influence adherence to physical activity among veteran, novice, and dropout trainees, such as the frequency of the weekly training units, the trainees preferred type of exercise, the purpose of the physical activity, and the relationship between support and supervision by fitness instructors and professionals. This study also examined the relationships between trainees, seniority and the strength of the habit and adherence to physical activity, the effects of personal variables such as age and gender on adherence to physical activity, and how the seniority and adherence of trainees may affect their quality of life.
Methods: A total of 460 participants drawn from the broader Israeli exercise community, which encompasses a diverse range of individuals within the general adult population, were engaged in this study. These participants included seasoned exercisers, individuals who had recently initiated exercise routines, and those who had previously engaged in physical activity. Each participant completed a comprehensive set of questionnaires, including the Self-Report Habit Index, the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale, and the World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life Scale. In addition to the questionnaire responses, demographic data and inquiries concerning their physical activity were also collected.
Results: The results show that the average frequency of the weekly training units of veteran trainees was significantly higher than that of novice trainees: 3.95 and 2.93, respectively (p < 0.0001). We found no significant differences between novice and veteran trainees regarding their training goal preferences (p = 0.07). Veteran trainees who had been in training for more than a year appeared to have higher self-efficacy since 31.16% reported receiving no supervision compared to 16.67% among novice trainees. In addition, people over 45 appear to have more health-related goals compared to their younger counterparts (p < 0.001). The quality of life scores of the trainees was related to their seniority in physical training, but only by a small magnitude (R^2 = 0.06), p < .001). Those who trained in resistance training showed the greatest rate of adherence in relation to flexibility and aerobic training (p < 0.001), and women preferred more body toning and had more weight loss goals than men (p < 0.001).
Discussion: The results indicate that there are central and important factors that may affect adherence to physical activity, and that all these aspects must be taken into account when planning a training program or when there is a desire to maintain or increase adherence to physical activity. The research findings indicate that the main factors that can influence adherence to physical activity are identifying and increasing the trainee's self-efficacy, maintaining weekly training units with sufficient frequency to form a habit and incorporating resistance training into the training regime, as resistance training has shown high levels of adherence. Moreover, it seems that people with different degrees of experience in physical training have distinct and varied training goals, and there is no one goal that fits all. In addition, specific factors such as age and gender must also be taken into account, because the age and gender of the trainees may significantly affect the goals of physical training.
中文翻译
引言：本研究旨在识别和揭示可能影响资深、新手和退出训练者坚持体育锻炼的不同背景、变量和因素，例如每周训练单元的频率、训练者偏好的运动类型、体育锻炼的目的，以及健身教练和专业人员的支持与监督之间的关系。本研究还考察了训练者、资历与习惯强度和体育锻炼坚持之间的关系，年龄和性别等个人变量对体育锻炼坚持的影响，以及训练者的资历和坚持如何影响他们的生活质量。
方法：本研究共招募了460名来自更广泛的以色列锻炼社区的参与者，涵盖了普通成年人群中的多样化个体。这些参与者包括经验丰富的锻炼者、最近开始锻炼计划的个体以及过去曾参与体育锻炼的人。每位参与者完成了一套全面的问卷，包括自我报告习惯指数、运动坚持评定量表和世界卫生组织（WHO）生活质量量表。除了问卷回答外，还收集了人口统计数据以及关于他们体育锻炼的询问。
结果：结果显示，资深训练者每周训练单元的平均频率显著高于新手训练者：分别为3.95和2.93（p < 0.0001）。我们发现新手和资深训练者在训练目标偏好方面没有显著差异（p = 0.07）。训练超过一年的资深训练者似乎具有更高的自我效能感，因为31.16%的人报告没有接受监督，而新手训练者中这一比例为16.67%。此外，45岁以上的人似乎比年轻群体有更多与健康相关的目标（p < 0.001）。训练者的生活质量得分与他们在体育锻炼中的资历相关，但相关性较小（R^2 = 0.06，p < .001）。进行阻力训练的人在坚持率方面最高，相对于柔韧性和有氧训练（p < 0.001），女性比男性更偏好身体塑形并有更多减肥目标（p < 0.001）。
讨论：结果表明，存在可能影响体育锻炼坚持的核心和重要因素，在规划训练计划或希望维持或增加体育锻炼坚持时，必须考虑所有这些方面。研究发现表明，影响体育锻炼坚持的主要因素是识别和增加训练者的自我效能感，保持每周训练单元有足够的频率以形成习惯，并将阻力训练纳入训练方案，因为阻力训练显示出较高的坚持率。此外，具有不同体育锻炼经验程度的人似乎有不同和多样化的训练目标，没有一个目标适合所有人。另外，还必须考虑年龄和性别等具体因素，因为训练者的年龄和性别可能显著影响体育锻炼的目标。
文章概要
本研究探讨了资深、新手和退出训练者在体育锻炼坚持和生活质量方面的差异。研究发现，资深训练者每周训练频率更高，自我效能感更强，且年龄和性别影响训练目标。阻力训练的坚持率最高，女性更关注身体塑形和减肥。研究强调了个性化训练计划、习惯形成和自我效能感在促进长期坚持中的重要性。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：这个研究就像是在玩一个游戏，看看哪些人更能坚持锻炼。他们发现，那些锻炼时间很长的人，就像游戏里的老玩家，每周锻炼的次数更多，而且更相信自己能做好，不需要别人一直看着。年纪大一点的人更关心健康，就像爷爷奶奶想保持身体好；年轻一点的人可能更想看起来漂亮或强壮。女孩子更想让自己身材好看，男孩子可能更想变得有肌肉。做力量训练的人最能坚持，就像举重比跑步更容易让人一直做下去。总的来说，坚持锻炼能让生活更开心。
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价：从沟通分析心理学角度看，这项研究深刻揭示了成人自我状态在运动坚持中的核心作用。资深训练者展现出的高自我效能感和独立性，正是成人自我状态成熟运作的体现——他们能够理性评估自身能力，制定并执行锻炼计划，无需依赖外部监督。这种状态促进了习惯的自动化形成，使锻炼成为身份认同的一部分。研究还显示，年龄和性别差异影响了训练目标，这反映了成人自我状态如何整合社会规范和个人价值观，例如年长者更关注健康（整合了社会对健康的重视），而女性更注重身体塑形（可能整合了社会审美标准）。阻力训练的高坚持率可能源于其提供的明确目标和即时反馈，这强化了成人自我状态的掌控感。整体而言，研究强调了通过强化成人自我状态来提升运动坚持的可能性。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：在实践上，这项研究可应用于健身教练培训、健康促进项目和心理咨询领域。基于TA沟通分析理论，它可以解决人们的以下十个问题：1. 帮助个体识别并强化成人自我状态，以制定可行的锻炼计划。2. 通过习惯培养，减少对父母自我状态（如依赖教练监督）或儿童自我状态（如情绪化放弃）的依赖。3. 针对不同年龄和性别，调整训练目标以匹配其成人自我状态的价值观。4. 利用阻力训练的结构性，增强成人自我状态的成就感和控制感。5. 提升自我效能感，使个体在锻炼中更自信和坚持。6. 通过个性化支持，帮助退出者重新激活成人自我状态，重返锻炼。7. 在团体训练中，促进成员间的成人自我状态互动，增强社会支持。8. 结合生活质量提升，强化锻炼的长期价值认同。9. 应用于职场健康项目，帮助员工平衡工作与锻炼。10. 在心理干预中，将锻炼作为改善情绪和人际关系的工具。