英文原文
Part 8: Functional Ego-State Map - by Don Carter MSW, LCSW. Ego-States and neural networks are synonymous terms used to describe how systems of beliefs, feelings, instructions, coping skills, and behaviors become automatic “programs” that are stored in the implicit memory of the subconscious mind — activated by the brain on cue. Study this functional Ego-State Map thoroughly to see how you can analyze your own behavioral patterns to understand what part of you gets triggered and develop ways to integrate that ego-state. One of the most important benefits of using the therapy card with my clients is that they must engage the thinking brain. This is called grounding in the present moment vs being hijacked into the unfinished business of the past or stage fright about the future. One the back of the card are all of the descriptions of each ego-state and how it functions. Welcome to this presentation on the functional ego-state map. There's a difference between structural ego-state maps and functional ego-state map. Both are from transactional analysis. A structural ego-state map just identifies where various Ego States are located if you were to draw them in a diagram. The functional ego state map, on the other hand, is more concerned with how each of the ego-states function, not necessarily where they're located in a diagram. If you are listening to this presentation on the Sound Wise app, then you can find a visual for the Functional ego-state map in the Notes section of the Player. Before we begin, it's important to understand a few terms, assumptions and analogies I like to use when talking about the functional ego state diagram. First, there is the ceramic baseball analogy. This analogy helps me to explain how emotional and physical trauma creates fragmentation in the self, what integration is, and why. Integration is the primary goal of therapy. So, if you imagine the self as a ceramic baseball and you come into the world, life throws you a curve and you get hit by a bat, what happens to that ceramic baseball? That's right. It breaks or shatters. Now there's a core chunk of self that continues to grow and self-actualize into the adult that you are today. But being traumatized as a child would leave splinters or shards or fragments of self that are broken off or split off from the self and floating like satellites around the outside. To give an example of that, imagine an eight-year-old boy walks into a pitch black, dark room. The door slams shut, and there's a heavy scent of garlic in the air. Suddenly, he's getting beaten up by an adult male. He doesn't know who it is, but he's being traumatized. 30 years later, the same person walks into a dark room. There's a smell of garlic in the air. It's pitched black, and the door slammed shut. Suddenly he's having a panic attack and he feels like he's eight years old again. This is because his awareness left his core chunk of adult oriented self and went into the broken or fragmented part of self. The traumatized part and re-experience that whole episode over again when he didn't get beaten up like he did the first time. Then his awareness goes back to the core chunk of self, and he's wondering how that happened. Some people wonder if the term fragmentation means we're talking about multiple personalities. While dissociation and multiple personality disorder, now called dissociative identity disorder, can result from serious trauma, usually it's the result of ongoing, severe abuse inflicted on a child before the age of six years old. So, for the vast majority of people, we are not referring to multiple personality disorder or dissociative identity disorder. All people have many different parts in transactional analysis and other parts-oriented therapies like internal family systems therapy or precision CBT. These are referred to as ego states or simply parts of self. To get a better idea of the concept of parts of self, remember the last time you may have said something to yourself like Man, I hate it when I do that, or Why do I always do that? These are indications that some part of you is doing something another part of you does not authorize for this next part of the presentation. It helps to have a visual. So if you're using the Sound wise mobile app and listening to this audio, you can open the notes section and find that visual there. Now referring to that visual. If you look right in the center of it, the adult ego state is the out front leading the way. Part of self. This is the part of self that gathers information, solves problems and makes logical, objective decisions. All those executive functioning aspects of self. I like to call it the CEO of the self. And like any good CEO, the adult self must work in the here and now, mindful of the lessons of the past and the goals for the future. But operating in the here and now, and a good CEO knows how to work in consultation with the experts. In this case, that would be the integrated parent and child ego States. The term integration means a combination of parts that are connected and working in harmony with each other. In my version of the functional ego state map, integrated ego States are represented by the color green. Fragmented parts of self are disconnected. They get triggered and do their own thing, causing internal conflict and disharmony. There's little or no connection with the adult ego state, and therefore little or no connection with the here and now. Fragmented ego-states are operating as if they are actually living in the past. Here in this visualization, fragmented parts of self are represented by the color red and exist on the fringes of the personality. So, the green zone is where we are when things are going well and we are autonomous or not. In script, the red zone is where we go when we get triggered into those live scripts. This is when we experience those “scripty” emotional themes from the past and begin acting out those cycles of abandonment, shame and contempt. Another concept is that of the psychological position. Psychological positions are ideas that we hold about ourselves, others, and the world in general. Psychological positions in the green zone of integration are based on the premise that I am basically okay, and you are basically okay. Fragmented positions are grounded in the belief that either I'm not okay and or you are not okay. Fragmented parts of self are not connected to the here and now. They're not mindful of the adult ego state linkage to the adult is necessary for healing and integration to occur. For these parts, they need access to the adult oriented parts of self. Again, the words negative and positive represent the psychological positions of each ego state. Negative stands for not okay and Positive stands for basically okay. Keep in mind that I'm okay, you're okay. It's the healthy position. Even when someone's behavior is not okay, they're basically okay and capable of making better choices. Okay? Referring to the diagram, the negative protective parent is the punitive and or demanding critical parent ego state that tries to control self and others with shaming messages like should, must, and ought to rules. This ego state functions under the philosophy that self or others are not okay, and they need me to set them straight. The positive protective parent, on the other hand, is the part of self that takes charge in a directive but non shaming way when someone is in immediate danger, such as when a loved one drinks too much to drive or they're so depressed that they're talking of suicide. In those cases, we need to step in and take charge. Another example might be when a parent has to step in and correct or redirect their child, such as when a teenager violates curfew or drinks alcohol at a party. The position here is that everyone is basically okay and usually able to make their own good decisions, but the circumstances are temporarily such that I need to step in. The negative nurturing parent is the fixing, rescuing, caretaking, codependent parent who needs to be needed. This position is that you are not okay, and I must help you. The positive nurturing parent is that authentically, supportive, and nurturing part of self that comes up when the time is right, like in a situation, such as when comforting a grieving loved one or encouraging a nervous partner or just being supportive to a friend. The negative natural child is the impulsive, undisciplined, spoiled, or bratty child who behaves in embarrassing ways, such as belching in public. It holds the position that I'm okay and you're not if you try to get in my way. This is the kid in the candy store without parental supervision, and sometimes this is the addict part of self. The positive natural child is that spontaneous, free spirited, fun loving, and adventurous part that likes to giggle and laugh, enjoys the simple things in life, and wants to sample all the pleasures life has to offer. Everything and everyone is okay. This part means the positive adapted child to keep it somewhat in check. The negative adapted child are the reactive, wounded child ego States, the vulnerable, needy child, the angry, defiant child, and the manipulative little professor. The vulnerable needy child holds all the original pain of abandonment and shame. The angry, defiant part carries the contempt for self and or others, and the manipulative little professor figures out how to get needs met in those old, underhanded ways of childhood when it was not okay to ask directly for what you need. In certain situations, these ego States get triggered into feeling very not okay, and they begin to act out those childhood wounds in present day life causing problems. The positive adapted child. These are the Proactive healthy child ego States that learned how to express their needs in socially acceptable ways. These are the parts of self that help us function in the world. They've been socialized and adapted to the culture in which they live. Those who do not have such ego States are usually institutionalized until they can be rehabilitated. You can learn more about this functional ego-state map by reading the book Throwing Toxic Relationships. It's the fourth in a series of five books in the Thawing the iceberg program. Thanks for listening.
中文翻译
第八部分：功能性自我状态图 - 作者：Don Carter MSW, LCSW。自我状态和神经网络是同义词，用于描述信念、感受、指令、应对技能和行为的系统如何成为自动“程序”，存储在潜意识的内隐记忆中——由大脑在提示时激活。深入研究这个功能性自我状态图，看看如何分析自己的行为模式，理解哪部分自我被触发，并发展整合该自我状态的方法。与客户使用治疗卡最重要的好处之一是，他们必须激活思考大脑。这被称为在当下扎根，而不是被劫持到过去的未完成事务或对未来的舞台恐惧中。卡片背面是所有自我状态的描述及其功能。欢迎来到这个关于功能性自我状态图的演示。结构性自我状态图和功能性自我状态图之间有区别。两者都来自沟通分析心理学。结构性自我状态图只是识别各种自我状态在图中的位置。另一方面，功能性自我状态图更关注每个自我状态如何运作，而不一定是它们在图中的位置。如果您在Sound Wise应用上收听此演示，可以在播放器的笔记部分找到功能性自我状态图的可视化。在我们开始之前，重要的是理解我在谈论功能性自我状态图时喜欢使用的一些术语、假设和类比。首先，有陶瓷棒球的类比。这个类比帮助我解释情感和身体创伤如何在自我中造成分裂，什么是整合，以及为什么。整合是治疗的主要目标。所以，如果您想象自我是一个陶瓷棒球，您来到这个世界，生活给您一个曲线球，您被球棒击中，那个陶瓷棒球会发生什么？没错。它破裂或粉碎。现在有一个核心的自我块继续成长并自我实现为您今天的成人。但童年受创伤会留下自我碎片或分裂的部分，像卫星一样漂浮在外围。举个例子，想象一个八岁男孩走进一个漆黑、黑暗的房间。门砰地关上，空气中有浓重的大蒜味。突然，他被一个成年男性殴打。他不知道是谁，但他受到了创伤。30年后，同一个人走进一个黑暗的房间。空气中有大蒜味。漆黑一片，门砰地关上。突然他恐慌发作，感觉又像八岁一样。这是因为他的意识离开了以成人为导向的核心自我块，进入了破碎或分裂的自我部分。受创伤的部分重新体验整个事件，即使他没有像第一次那样被殴打。然后他的意识回到核心自我块，他疑惑这是怎么发生的。有些人想知道分裂这个词是否意味着我们在谈论多重人格。虽然解离和多重人格障碍，现在称为解离性身份障碍，可能由严重创伤引起，但通常是六岁前儿童持续遭受严重虐待的结果。所以，对于绝大多数人，我们不是指多重人格障碍或解离性身份障碍。所有人在沟通分析心理学和其他部分导向疗法如内在家庭系统疗法或精准CBT中都有许多不同部分。这些被称为自我状态或简单的自我部分。为了更好地理解自我部分的概念，回想一下您上次可能对自己说过的话，比如“天哪，我讨厌我那样做”，或“为什么我总是那样做”？这些迹象表明您的某个部分在做另一部分不授权的事情。对于演示的下一部分，有一个可视化会很有帮助。所以如果您使用Sound Wise移动应用并收听此音频，可以打开笔记部分并在那里找到可视化。现在参考那个可视化。如果您看正中央，成人自我状态是引领前进的部分。这是收集信息、解决问题并做出逻辑、客观决策的自我部分。所有那些执行功能方面。我喜欢称之为自我的CEO。像任何好CEO一样，成人自我必须在此时此地工作，记住过去的教训和未来的目标。但在此时此地运作，一个好CEO知道如何与专家协商。在这种情况下，那就是整合的父母和儿童自我状态。整合一词意味着连接并和谐运作的部分组合。在我的功能性自我状态图版本中，整合的自我状态用绿色表示。分裂的自我部分是断开的。它们被触发并做自己的事，导致内部冲突和不和谐。与成人自我状态几乎没有或没有连接，因此与此时此地几乎没有或没有连接。分裂的自我状态运作起来就好像它们实际上生活在过去。在这个可视化中，分裂的自我部分用红色表示，存在于人格的边缘。所以，绿色区域是我们事情顺利且我们自主或不自主时的位置。在脚本中，红色区域是我们被触发进入那些活脚本时的位置。这时我们体验来自过去的“脚本式”情感主题，并开始表现出那些遗弃、羞耻和蔑视的循环。另一个概念是心理位置。心理位置是我们对自己、他人和世界持有的观念。整合绿色区域的心理位置基于前提：我基本上还好，您也基本上还好。分裂的位置基于信念：要么我不好，要么您不好。分裂的自我部分与此时此地没有连接。它们没有意识到成人自我状态，与成人的连接对于疗愈和整合发生是必要的。对于这些部分，它们需要访问以成人为导向的自我部分。再次，负面和正面代表每个自我状态的心理位置。负面代表不好，正面代表基本上还好。记住，我很好，您很好。这是健康的位置。即使某人的行为不好，他们基本上还好，能够做出更好的选择。好吗？参考图表，负面保护父母是惩罚性和/或要求苛刻的批评父母自我状态，试图用羞耻信息如应该、必须和应当规则来控制自我和他人。这个自我状态在哲学下运作：自我或他人不好，他们需要我来纠正他们。另一方面，正面保护父母是自我中在某人处于立即危险时以指导性但非羞耻方式负责的部分，例如当亲人饮酒过多不能驾驶或他们如此抑郁以至于谈论自杀时。在这些情况下，我们需要介入并负责。另一个例子可能是当父母必须介入纠正或重定向孩子时，例如当青少年违反宵禁或在派对上饮酒时。这里的立场是每个人都基本上还好，通常能够做出自己的好决定，但情况暂时如此，我需要介入。负面养育父母是修复、拯救、照顾、相互依赖的父母，需要被需要。这个立场是您不好，我必须帮助您。正面养育父母是真实、支持和养育的自我部分，在时机合适时出现，例如在安慰悲伤的亲人、鼓励紧张的伴侣或只是支持朋友的情况下。负面自然儿童是冲动、无纪律、被宠坏或任性的儿童，以尴尬方式行为，如在公共场合打嗝。它持有立场：我很好，如果您试图挡我的路，您不好。这是糖果店里没有父母监督的孩子，有时这是自我的成瘾部分。正面自然儿童是自发、自由精神、热爱乐趣和冒险的部分，喜欢咯咯笑和笑，享受生活中的简单事物，并想品尝生活提供的所有乐趣。一切和每个人都好。这个部分意味着正面适应儿童以保持一定控制。负面适应儿童是反应性、受伤的儿童自我状态，脆弱、需要帮助的儿童，愤怒、叛逆的儿童，和操纵的小教授。脆弱需要帮助的儿童持有所有遗弃和羞耻的原始痛苦。愤怒、叛逆的部分带有对自我和/或他人的蔑视，操纵的小教授找出如何以那些童年时不允许直接要求所需的老套、不光明正大的方式满足需求。在某些情况下，这些自我状态被触发感到非常不好，并开始在当今生活中表现出那些童年创伤，导致问题。正面适应儿童。这些是主动健康的儿童自我状态，学会了如何以社会可接受的方式表达需求。这些是帮助我们在这个世界运作的自我部分。它们已经被社会化并适应了它们生活的文化。那些没有这种自我状态的人通常被制度化，直到他们能够康复。您可以通过阅读《抛弃有毒关系》一书了解更多关于这个功能性自我状态图的信息。这是《融化冰山》计划五本书系列中的第四本。感谢收听。
文章概要
本文介绍了功能性自我状态图，强调自我状态与神经网络的相似性，作为自动“程序”存储在潜意识中。它区分了结构性和功能性自我状态图，后者关注自我状态如何运作而非位置。通过陶瓷棒球类比解释创伤导致自我分裂，整合是治疗目标。成人自我状态被描述为自我的CEO，在此时此地运作，与整合的父母和儿童自我状态协商。整合部分用绿色表示，和谐运作；分裂部分用红色表示，导致冲突。心理位置如“我很好，您很好”是健康基础。详细描述了负面和正面的保护父母、养育父母、自然儿童和适应儿童自我状态，说明它们如何影响行为。文章旨在帮助读者分析行为模式，理解触发部分，并促进整合。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：想象你的大脑里有一些小机器人，它们就像神经网络一样，帮你自动做事情，比如生气或开心。这些机器人叫做自我状态。有一个叫成人自我状态的机器人，它像老板一样，负责思考现在该做什么，不老是想着过去或担心未来。如果小时候受过伤，有些机器人会坏掉，变成红色，让你感觉像回到过去一样害怕。我们要把这些红色机器人修好，变成绿色，让它们和老板机器人一起好好工作。这样你就能更开心，做出更好的选择。
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价：本文深入阐述了功能性自我状态图，完美契合沟通分析心理学的核心概念。它将自我状态类比为神经网络，突出了自动化和存储特性，这与伯恩的自我状态理论一致，即自我状态是连贯的感受、思维和行为模式。成人自我状态作为“CEO”的比喻，强调了其在此时此地的执行功能，符合沟通分析中成人自我状态的理性、客观角色。整合与分裂的区分，用绿色和红色表示，直观地展示了健康与不健康自我状态之间的动态，这反映了沟通分析中脚本理论和心理位置的应用。例如，“我很好，您很好”的心理位置是健康整合的基础，而负面自我状态如负面保护父母，体现了“不好”的脚本信念。这种分析有助于理解个体如何被触发进入过去模式，并促进整合过程。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：功能性自我状态图在多个领域有广泛应用，包括心理咨询、教育、职场管理和个人成长。它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 帮助识别和改变自动负面思维模式，减少焦虑和抑郁。2. 改善人际关系，通过理解自我状态互动，减少冲突。3. 增强情绪调节能力，让成人自我状态主导反应。4. 促进创伤疗愈，整合分裂部分，减轻闪回症状。5. 提升决策质量，基于成人自我状态的逻辑思考。6. 培养自我意识，识别触发点，避免重复不良行为。7. 支持成瘾康复，管理负面自然儿童部分。8. 优化亲子沟通，应用正面保护父母和养育父母。9. 增强职场领导力，利用成人自我状态协调团队。10. 促进个人成长，实现自我整合，达到更高自主性。