英文原文
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify and reveal the different contexts, variables, and factors that may influence adherence to physical activity among veteran, novice, and dropout trainees, such as the frequency of the weekly training units, the trainees preferred type of exercise, the purpose of the physical activity, and the relationship between support and supervision by fitness instructors and professionals. This study also examined the relationships between trainees, seniority and the strength of the habit and adherence to physical activity, the effects of personal variables such as age and gender on adherence to physical activity, and how the seniority and adherence of trainees may affect their quality of life.
Methods: A total of 460 participants drawn from the broader Israeli exercise community, which encompasses a diverse range of individuals within the general adult population, were engaged in this study. These participants included seasoned exercisers, individuals who had recently initiated exercise routines, and those who had previously engaged in physical activity. Each participant completed a comprehensive set of questionnaires, including the Self-Report Habit Index, the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale, and the World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life Scale. In addition to the questionnaire responses, demographic data and inquiries concerning their physical activity were also collected.
Results: The results show that the average frequency of the weekly training units of veteran trainees was significantly higher than that of novice trainees: 3.95 and 2.93, respectively (p < 0.0001). We found no significant differences between novice and veteran trainees regarding their training goal preferences (p = 0.07). Veteran trainees who had been in training for more than a year appeared to have higher self-efficacy since 31.16% reported receiving no supervision compared to 16.67% among novice trainees. In addition, people over 45 appear to have more health-related goals compared to their younger counterparts (p < 0.001). The quality of life scores of the trainees was related to their seniority in physical training, but only by a small magnitude (R^2 = 0.06), p < .001). Those who trained in resistance training showed the greatest rate of adherence in relation to flexibility and aerobic training (p < 0.001), and women preferred more body toning and had more weight loss goals than men (p < 0.001).
Discussion: The results indicate that there are central and important factors that may affect adherence to physical activity, and that all these aspects must be taken into account when planning a training program or when there is a desire to maintain or increase adherence to physical activity. The research findings indicate that the main factors that can influence adherence to physical activity are identifying and increasing the trainee's self-efficacy, maintaining weekly training units with sufficient frequency to form a habit and incorporating resistance training into the training regime, as resistance training has shown high levels of adherence. Moreover, it seems that people with different degrees of experience in physical training have distinct and varied training goals, and there is no one goal that fits all. In addition, specific factors such as age and gender must also be taken into account, because the age and gender of the trainees may significantly affect the goals of physical training.
中文翻译
引言：本研究旨在识别和揭示可能影响资深、新手和退出训练者坚持体育锻炼的不同背景、变量和因素，例如每周训练单元的频率、训练者偏好的运动类型、体育锻炼的目的，以及健身教练和专业人士的支持与监督之间的关系。本研究还考察了训练者、资历与习惯强度和体育锻炼坚持度之间的关系，个人变量如年龄和性别对体育锻炼坚持度的影响，以及训练者的资历和坚持度如何影响他们的生活质量。
方法：本研究共招募了460名来自以色列更广泛锻炼社区的参与者，涵盖了普通成年人群中的多样化个体。这些参与者包括经验丰富的锻炼者、最近开始锻炼计划的个体以及过去曾参与体育锻炼的人。每位参与者完成了一套全面的问卷，包括自我报告习惯指数、锻炼坚持度评定量表和世界卫生组织（WHO）生活质量量表。除了问卷回答外，还收集了人口统计数据以及有关他们体育锻炼的询问。
结果：结果显示，资深训练者每周训练单元的平均频率显著高于新手训练者：分别为3.95和2.93（p < 0.0001）。我们发现新手和资深训练者在训练目标偏好方面没有显著差异（p = 0.07）。训练超过一年的资深训练者似乎具有更高的自我效能感，因为31.16%的人报告没有接受监督，而新手训练者中这一比例为16.67%。此外，45岁以上的人似乎比年轻群体有更多与健康相关的目标（p < 0.001）。训练者的生活质量得分与他们在体育锻炼中的资历相关，但幅度较小（R^2 = 0.06，p < .001）。进行阻力训练的人在坚持度方面相对于柔韧性和有氧训练表现出最高的比率（p < 0.001），女性比男性更偏好身体塑形并有更多减肥目标（p < 0.001）。
讨论：结果表明，存在可能影响体育锻炼坚持度的核心和重要因素，在规划训练计划或希望维持或提高体育锻炼坚持度时，必须考虑所有这些方面。研究结果表明，影响体育锻炼坚持度的主要因素是识别和提高训练者的自我效能感，保持每周训练单元有足够的频率以形成习惯，并将阻力训练纳入训练方案，因为阻力训练显示出高水平的坚持度。此外，具有不同体育锻炼经验程度的人似乎有不同且多样的训练目标，没有一个目标适合所有人。另外，还必须考虑年龄和性别等具体因素，因为训练者的年龄和性别可能显著影响体育锻炼的目标。
文章概要
本研究探讨了资深、新手和退出训练者在体育锻炼坚持度和生活质量方面的差异。研究发现，资深训练者每周训练频率更高，自我效能感更强，且更少依赖监督。年龄和性别影响训练目标，年长者更关注健康，女性更注重塑形和减肥。阻力训练的坚持度最高。研究强调了个性化训练计划、习惯形成和自我效能感在提高坚持度中的重要性。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：这个研究就像是在看不同人怎么坚持锻炼。他们发现，锻炼时间长的人每周锻炼次数更多，而且更相信自己能坚持，不需要别人老是看着。年纪大的人锻炼更多是为了健康，而女生更想让自己身材好看和减肥。做力量训练的人最能坚持下来。所以，要让人坚持锻炼，得让他们相信自己，养成习惯，并且做自己喜欢的运动。
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价：从沟通分析心理学角度看，这项研究揭示了成人自我状态在健身坚持中的核心作用。资深训练者表现出的高自我效能感和独立性，反映了成人自我状态的成熟运作——他们能够理性评估自身能力，制定并执行锻炼计划，而不依赖父母自我状态的外部监督或儿童自我状态的即时满足。训练频率与习惯强度的关联，体现了成人自我状态通过重复行为建立自动化模式的过程，这符合沟通分析中“脚本”形成的理论。年龄和性别对目标的影响，则展现了不同自我状态的优先级差异：年长者的健康目标更多源于成人自我状态对长期福祉的考量，而女性的塑形目标可能融合了父母自我状态的社会期望和儿童自我状态的审美需求。阻力训练的高坚持度，可能源于其目标明确、进度可视的特点，这强化了成人自我状态的掌控感和成就感。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 健身教练培训：帮助教练识别会员的自我状态主导模式，提供针对性支持。2. 企业健康计划：设计促进成人自我状态参与的锻炼项目，提高员工坚持度。3. 社区健康促进：通过习惯养成策略，增强居民自主锻炼能力。4. 临床康复指导：利用自我效能感提升，支持慢性病患者坚持运动。5. 青少年体育教育：培养理性锻炼观念，减少盲目跟风或放弃。6. 中老年健康管理：强化健康目标导向，缓解对衰老的焦虑。7. 女性健身支持：平衡审美与健康目标，提升身体满意度。8. 健身应用开发：融入习惯追踪功能，强化成人自我状态的规划性。9. 家庭运动倡导：创造低压力环境，减少父母自我状态的苛责影响。10. 心理韧性建设：通过锻炼坚持，提升整体自我调节能力。