英文原文
Transactional Analysis is first and foremost a therapeutic tool for positive change and growth. It can be used either in therapy for the individual concerned or on a more surface level for problem solving in everyday life. TA is basically the study of how people take on certain behaviors, either by accident or from their early caretakers or authority figures and then continue to play them out in their adult lives. It is a model for people to use to work towards ‘autonomy’, a place from where they can choose to live the way they want to and not to be still acting as if they are controlled by past events or messages. Transactional Analysis then is a modern psychotherapy model, which has; it’s own particular language and theory of personality. It states that the person transacts with a person in certain ways, structures their time between life and death in a particular way, plays their own particular games and lives out their own unique script. An understanding of Transactional Analysis can give hope for the person in that they can change their script and choose the way they want to re-write their own life plan, without hanging on to inappropriate behaviors of the past. The creator of Transactional Analysis Was Eric Berne, a Psychiatrist and a man who was largely influenced by Freud,though by the time of his death in 1970,he had become a,in some ways, a critic of Freud. Transactional Analysis though does have its roots in Psycho dynamic theory. The personality for Transactional Analysis, for Berne, is based on the recognition of three quite different ego states, called specifically the Parent, Adult and Child. An ego state for Berne is: ‘a system of feelings accompanied by related set of behaviour patterns.’ For example, spontaneous feelings, compliance and rebellion are all features of the child ego state and may be activated by the individual at any time throughout his life. Berne recognised that three such ego states must be in everyone and that together they make up the unique individuals Personality. For Berne the ego states are not roles but are phenomenological realities. Each ego state is concerned with what actually happened in the past for that person and how they acted will determine how they act in the here and now. The decisions that they made then will determine the decisions and behaviours they now make in the present. The Adult Ego State emerges around six months in the child and is concerned primarily with appraising facts, reasoning, thinking, evaluating and responding to available data. It is described by many Transactional Analysis writers like a computer, concerned only with rationality and logic. However, I think this position is some what misleading and I prefer Berne’s commentary, which describes that adult as coming from an integrated stance which does not mean that when the person activates their adult ego state he is coming from just a rational position, but that he also has access to feelings, thinking and attitudes. Indeed the person will be part of the ‘here and now’ and experiencing and coming from an integrated adult stance. In digital communication and online interactions, the adult ego state can be particularly relevant. For instance, when someone uses clear, factual language in emails or social media posts to solve problems or make decisions based on data, they are likely operating from their adult ego state. This helps in avoiding misunderstandings and promotes effective collaboration in virtual environments. The adult ego state in online settings can also involve evaluating information critically, such as fact-checking news or analyzing digital content, which aligns with its role in reasoning and appraising facts. By maintaining an adult ego state in digital interactions, individuals can navigate online conflicts more calmly and make informed choices, contributing to healthier online communities and personal growth.
中文翻译
沟通分析首先是一种促进积极变化和成长的治疗工具。它既可用于相关个体的治疗，也可用于日常生活中更表层的解决问题。沟通分析基本上研究人们如何偶然或从早期照顾者或权威人物那里习得某些行为，然后在成年生活中继续表现出来。这是一个帮助人们努力实现“自主性”的模型，使他们能够选择自己想要的生活方式，而不是仍然表现得像是被过去事件或信息所控制。沟通分析是一种现代心理治疗模型，拥有其独特的语言和人格理论。它指出，人们以特定方式与他人互动，以特定方式构建生死之间的时间，玩自己的游戏并活出自己独特的脚本。理解沟通分析可以给人们带来希望，因为他们可以改变自己的脚本，选择重新书写自己人生计划的方式，而不固守过去的不当行为。沟通分析的创始人是埃里克·伯恩，一位深受弗洛伊德影响的精神科医生，尽管到1970年去世时，他在某些方面已成为弗洛伊德的批评者。沟通分析确实根植于心理动力学理论。在伯恩看来，沟通分析的人格基于对三种截然不同的自我状态的识别，具体称为父母、成人和儿童。伯恩认为，自我状态是“伴随相关行为模式系统的感受”。例如，自发的感受、顺从和反抗都是儿童自我状态的特征，个体可能在一生中的任何时候激活它们。伯恩认识到，这三种自我状态必须存在于每个人身上，它们共同构成独特的个体人格。对伯恩来说，自我状态不是角色，而是现象学现实。每个自我状态都关注该人过去实际发生的事情，他们的行为方式将决定他们此时此地的行为。他们当时所做的决定将决定他们现在所做的决定和行为。成人自我状态在儿童约六个月大时出现，主要关注评估事实、推理、思考、评价和回应可用数据。许多沟通分析作家将其描述为像计算机一样，只关注理性和逻辑。然而，我认为这种观点有些误导，我更喜欢伯恩的评论，他将成人描述为来自一种整合的立场，这并不意味着当人激活成人自我状态时，他只是来自理性立场，而是他也能接触感受、思考和态度。确实，这个人将成为“此时此地”的一部分，体验并来自整合的成人立场。在数字沟通和在线互动中，成人自我状态尤其相关。例如，当某人在电子邮件或社交媒体帖子中使用清晰、事实性的语言来解决问题或基于数据做决策时，他们很可能从成人自我状态运作。这有助于避免误解，并促进虚拟环境中的有效协作。在线环境中的成人自我状态还可以包括批判性地评估信息，如事实核查新闻或分析数字内容，这与其在推理和评估事实中的作用一致。通过在数字互动中保持成人自我状态，个体可以更冷静地处理在线冲突并做出明智选择，有助于更健康的在线社区和个人成长。
文章概要
本文介绍了沟通分析心理学及其自我状态理论，重点探讨了成人自我状态在数字沟通和在线互动中的应用。文章解释了沟通分析作为治疗工具如何帮助人们实现自主性，并详细描述了父母、成人和儿童三种自我状态的特征。通过案例和理论分析，强调了成人自我状态在评估事实、理性思考和整合感受方面的重要性，特别是在数字环境中如何促进有效沟通和问题解决。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：沟通分析就像是我们心里有三个小角色：父母、成人和小孩。成人角色最酷，因为它像个小电脑，帮我们冷静地思考问题，比如在网上聊天时，如果我们用事实说话，不随便发脾气，就能更好地和朋友合作或解决争论。这让我们在网上也能做个聪明又友好的人。
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价：从沟通分析心理学角度看，成人自我状态在数字沟通中展现了其整合性和适应性。伯恩的理论强调成人自我状态不仅涉及理性逻辑，还整合了感受和态度，这在在线互动中尤为重要，因为它允许个体在虚拟环境中保持真实性和有效性。通过激活成人自我状态，人们可以避免被父母或儿童自我状态主导，从而减少数字冲突并提升沟通质量，这体现了沟通分析在促进人格自主性和积极改变方面的核心价值。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：成人自我状态在数字沟通中的应用领域包括在线教育、远程工作、社交媒体管理和虚拟团队协作。它可以解决人们的十个问题：1. 减少在线误解和冲突；2. 提升数字决策的准确性；3. 增强网络信息批判性评估能力；4. 改善虚拟环境中的情绪调节；5. 促进在线协作和团队效率；6. 帮助应对网络欺凌和负面评论；7. 支持数字成瘾的自我管理；8. 增强在线学习的效果；9. 提升社交媒体沟通的清晰度；10. 培养健康的数字生活习惯，从而在数字时代实现更平衡和自主的生活。