英文原文
Guide to Air Cleaners in the Home | US EPA
This short consumer guide covers portable air cleaners and furnace or HVAC filters used in a home. It includes tips for selecting a portable air cleaner, furnace filter, or HVAC filter. This guidance is also available as a PDF download.
Indoor air contains pollutants that can affect human health. Some of these pollutants come from outdoors, and others come from indoor sources and activities, such as cooking, cleaning, secondhand smoke, building materials, consumer products, and home furnishings. These indoor air pollutants can be particles or gases, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Common contaminants that can be found indoors include particulate matter (including PM_2.5 [fine] and PM_10 [coarse]), formaldehyde, mold, and pollen. Indoor air quality will vary from home to home and over the course of a day within a home. Since most people spend about 90% of their time indoors, mostly in their homes, much of their exposures to airborne pollutants will happen in the home.
The most effective ways to improve your indoor air are to reduce or remove the sources of pollutants and to ventilate with clean outdoor air. In addition, research shows that filtration can be an effective supplement to source control and ventilation. Using a portable air cleaner and/or upgrading the air filter in your furnace or central heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system can help to improve indoor air quality. Portable air cleaners, also known as air purifiers or air sanitizers, are designed to filter the air in a single room or area. Central furnace or HVAC filters are designed to filter air throughout a home. Portable air cleaners and HVAC filters can reduce indoor air pollution; however, they cannot remove all pollutants from the air.
When selecting a portable air cleaner, furnace filter, or HVAC filter, keep in mind:
No air cleaner or filter will eliminate all of the air pollutants in your home. Note that most filters are designed to filter either particles or gases. So in order to filter both particles and gases, many air cleaners contain two filters, one for particles and another for gases (in some cases including gases that have odors). Other air cleaners only have one filter, usually for particles. In addition, some air cleaners or filters are targeted to specific types of gases or VOCs. Consult the specific product packaging or labeling for more information. All filters need regular replacement. If a filter is dirty and overloaded, it won’t work well.
To filter particles, choose a portable air cleaner that has a clean air delivery rate (CADR) that is large enough for the size of the room or area in which you will use it. The higher the CADR, the more particles the air cleaner can filter and the larger the area it can serve. Most air cleaner packaging will tell you the largest size area or room it should be used in. Portable air cleaners often achieve a high CADR by using a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter.
To filter gases, choose a portable air cleaner with an activated carbon filter or other filter designed to remove gases. Note that there are no widely used performance rating systems for portable air cleaners or filters designed to remove gases. The CADR rating system is for particles only. Activated carbon filters can be effective, provided that there is a large amount of material used in the filter.
A portable air cleaner with a high CADR and an activated carbon filter can filter both particles and gases.
Generally speaking, higher fan speeds and longer run times will increase the amount of air filtered. An air cleaner will filter less air if it is set at a lower speed. More air will pass through the filter at higher fan speeds, so typically filtration will be greater at higher fan speeds. Increasing the amount of time an air cleaner runs will also increase air filtration.
Furnace and HVAC filters work to filter the air only when the system is operating. In most cases, HVAC systems run only when heating or cooling is needed (usually less than 25% of the time during heating and cooling seasons). In order to get more filtration, the system would have to run for longer periods. This may not be desirable or practical in many cases since longer run times increase electricity costs and may also result in less reliable humidity control during the cooling season.
Furnace or HVAC filter - Select a filter rated at least MERV 13 or as high as your system will accommodate.
Furnace and HVAC filters for homes are usually designed to filter particles. If you decide to upgrade or use a higher efficiency filter, choose a filter with at least a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) 13 rating, or as high a rating as your system fan and filter slot can accommodate. You may need to consult a professional HVAC technician to determine the highest efficiency filter that will work best for your system.
Do portable air cleaners and furnace/HVAC filters used in homes have the potential to improve my indoor air quality? Yes. Most portable air cleaners and furnace/HVAC filters can filter particles from the air. Some can filter the small particles of greatest health concern (PM_2.5). There are also air cleaners and filters that can filter both particles and gases. The longer the air cleaner runs, the more air it filters. Note that it is always important to reduce or remove the sources of indoor air pollutants and to ventilate with clean outdoor air. Filtration does not replace the need to control pollutants and ventilate.
Can portable air cleaners and furnace/HVAC filters potentially have a positive impact on health? Possibly. Several studies using portable HEPA air cleaners have demonstrated small improvements in cardiovascular and respiratory health. The improvements are typically small and not always noticeable to the individual, although they may be measureable by health professionals.
Can portable air cleaners and furnace/HVAC filters reduce allergy or asthma symptoms? Possibly. Multiple studies with portable HEPA air cleaners have found improvements in one or more allergy and/or asthma symptom(s). The studies do not always show major improvements, and they do not show improvements in all symptoms.
Can portable air cleaners and furnace/HVAC filters solve mold problems? No. Portable air cleaners and furnace/HVAC filters do not address the cause of mold and musty odors. Mold is caused by a water or moisture problem in the building that allows the mold to grow. To solve a mold problem, get rid of the source of the moisture and clean up the mold. Portable air cleaners and furnace/HVAC filters may remove some of the particles generated by mold. In some cases, they may also help reduce odors, but they will not resolve a mold and moisture problem.
Note: Avoid portable air cleaners and furnace/HVAC filters that intentionally produce ozone. Ozone is a lung irritant. Note that in some cases, air cleaners that contain electrostatic precipitators, ionizers, UV lights without adequate lamp coatings, and plasma air cleaners may have the potential to emit ozone. Both the California Air Resources Board and the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers maintain lists of air cleaners that have been tested and shown to emit little or no ozone.
Most portable air cleaners have a CADR rating. What does that mean? Most portable air cleaners are rated according to their clean air delivery rate (CADR). This number is intended to help consumers select an air cleaner based on the size of the area it will be placed in. The higher the CADR, the more particles the air cleaner will remove and the larger the area it can serve. The rating is typically measured at the air cleaner’s highest speed.
How do I choose a portable air cleaner that will remove the small particles of greatest health concern (PM_2.5) effectively? Some air cleaner packaging will indicate CADRs for removing three specific types of pollutants: tobacco smoke, dust, and pollen. These pollutants are used as examples to represent small-, medium-, and large-sized particles, respectively. To remove small particles, choose a portable air cleaner that has a high CADR for tobacco smoke, which represents the smallest particles. The CADR should be large enough for the size of the room or area you will use it in.
How do I calculate the size of the room or area in order to pick the right air cleaner? Multiply the length and width of the area in which you intend to operate the air cleaner. The result will provide you with the size of the room or area in square feet. Compare this to the maximum recommended room size on the product packaging. If you have an open floor plan, you should consider the entire space that the air cleaner would serve. If you have high ceilings (above 8 feet), you should consider using an air cleaner that is sized for a larger area. If you have an area that is larger than any available product will serve, you could consider using multiple air cleaners.
How do I choose a portable air cleaner that can remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs)? Choose a portable air cleaner with an activated carbon filter or other absorbent filter designed to remove gases. They can be effective when there is a large amount of material used in the filter (the thicker the better). Research has not yet shown that other technologies such as plasma, photocatalytic oxidation, or ultraviolet (UV) light can remove gases effectively in portable residential air cleaners.
Do portable air cleaners have noise ratings? Noise ratings are reported for some portable air cleaners. The rating may be shown on the product packaging. Noise levels depend in part on the fan speed setting. If noise might prevent you from running the unit, you might consider an air cleaner that has a low published noise rating. For reference, a noise rating around 50 decibels (dB) is roughly the operating noise of a modern refrigerator.
Where should I put a portable air cleaner? Consider placing the unit in the room(s) you spend the most time in. Many units are designed to be placed on the floor, although some are designed for tabletops. Either way, make sure the airflow is not obstructed. Keep air cleaners away from curtains and anything that might block airflow. If the air cleaner causes an uncomfortable draft, then redirect the airflow away from you.
What does it mean if a portable air cleaner has the EPA’s ENERGY STAR® label? Some portable air cleaners sold in the consumer market are ENERGY STAR qualified. The ENERGY STAR label means that it meets strict energy efficiency guidelines set by EPA. The label does not refer to its air-cleaning effectiveness in any way.
How are HVAC/furnace filters rated? There are several commonly used filter rating methods. These include the Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV), Filter Performance Rating (FPR), Microparticle Performance Rating (MPR), and others. MERV is based on a national consensus standard. The FPR and MPR rating methods are proprietary. For all rating methods, the higher the filter rating, the higher the removal efficiency for most particle sizes. How do I choose an HVAC/furnace filter that will be most effective at removing small particles of greatest health concern (PM_2.5)? Use the highest-rated filter that your system fan and filter slot can accommodate. Filters with a MERV of 13 and above are required to demonstrate at least 50% removal efficiency for the smallest particles tested.
How do I know if my system can accommodate a MERV 13 filter or higher? Most furnaces and HVAC systems can accommodate a MERV 13 filter without creating equipment problems, provided that the filter is replaced frequently. Sometimes it can be difficult to tell whether a system can use a higher efficiency filter since HVAC systems are not commonly labeled with any filter recommendations. To be certain a filter will work with your system, consult a professional HVAC technician. The technician can determine the most efficient filter that your system can use. An HVAC technician can also modify the system to use a higher efficiency filter.
How can I tell if the filter is the right size for my furnace/HVAC system? Filters commonly come in thicknesses of 1 to 5 inches, with a variety of lengths and widths to match common sizes of filter frames in furnaces and HVAC systems. Make sure the filter fits snugly so air does not leak around the filter and you do not have to bend or crush the filter to make it fit.
How often do I need to change my filter? Replace filters according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Many factors can affect how quickly filters get dirty. Manufacturers typically recommend replacement every 60 to 90 days. If you notice that filters appear heavily soiled when you replace them, you should consider changing them more frequently.
What if I have a window air conditioner or a wall-mounted “ductless” air conditioner? Most window air conditioners and wall-mounted units are intended for temperature control rather than air filtration. These units typically have limited filtration intended to keep the inside of the air conditioner clean rather than remove fine particles from the indoor air.
EPA neither certifies nor recommends particular brands of air filters or home air-cleaning devices including portable air cleaners or purifiers.
中文翻译
家庭空气净化器指南 | 美国环保署
这份简短的消费者指南涵盖了家庭中使用的便携式空气净化器以及炉子或暖通空调过滤器。它包括选择便携式空气净化器、炉子过滤器或暖通空调过滤器的技巧。本指南也可作为PDF下载。
室内空气含有可能影响人体健康的污染物。其中一些污染物来自室外，另一些则来自室内来源和活动，如烹饪、清洁、二手烟、建筑材料、消费品和家居装饰。这些室内空气污染物可以是颗粒物或气体，包括挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）。室内常见的污染物包括颗粒物（包括PM_2.5[细颗粒]和PM_10[粗颗粒]）、甲醛、霉菌和花粉。室内空气质量因家庭而异，并在一天内随时间变化。由于大多数人约90%的时间在室内度过，主要在家中，因此他们接触空气污染物的很大一部分将发生在家里。
改善室内空气最有效的方法是减少或消除污染源，并用清洁的室外空气通风。此外，研究表明，过滤可以作为源头控制和通风的有效补充。使用便携式空气净化器和/或升级炉子或中央供暖、通风和空调（HVAC）系统中的空气过滤器有助于改善室内空气质量。便携式空气净化器，也称为空气净化器或空气消毒器，旨在过滤单个房间或区域的空气。中央炉子或暖通空调过滤器旨在过滤整个家庭的空气。便携式空气净化器和暖通空调过滤器可以减少室内空气污染；然而，它们无法去除空气中的所有污染物。
选择便携式空气净化器、炉子过滤器或暖通空调过滤器时，请记住：
没有任何空气净化器或过滤器能消除家中的所有空气污染物。请注意，大多数过滤器设计用于过滤颗粒物或气体。因此，为了同时过滤颗粒物和气体，许多空气净化器包含两个过滤器，一个用于颗粒物，另一个用于气体（在某些情况下包括有气味的气体）。其他空气净化器只有一个过滤器，通常用于颗粒物。此外，一些空气净化器或过滤器针对特定类型的气体或VOCs。请查阅具体产品包装或标签以获取更多信息。所有过滤器都需要定期更换。如果过滤器脏污且过载，它将无法正常工作。
要过滤颗粒物，请选择具有足够清洁空气输送率（CADR）的便携式空气净化器，以适应您将使用它的房间或区域的大小。CADR越高，空气净化器能过滤的颗粒物越多，服务的区域越大。大多数空气净化器包装会告诉您它应使用的最大面积或房间。便携式空气净化器通常通过使用高效颗粒空气（HEPA）过滤器来实现高CADR。
要过滤气体，请选择带有活性炭过滤器或其他设计用于去除气体的过滤器的便携式空气净化器。请注意，对于设计用于去除气体的便携式空气净化器或过滤器，没有广泛使用的性能评级系统。CADR评级系统仅适用于颗粒物。活性炭过滤器可以很有效，前提是过滤器中使用大量材料。
具有高CADR和活性炭过滤器的便携式空气净化器可以同时过滤颗粒物和气体。
一般来说，更高的风扇速度和更长的运行时间将增加过滤的空气量。如果空气净化器设置在较低速度，它将过滤更少的空气。在更高的风扇速度下，更多的空气将通过过滤器，因此通常在更高的风扇速度下过滤效果更好。增加空气净化器的运行时间也将增加空气过滤。
炉子和暖通空调过滤器仅在系统运行时过滤空气。在大多数情况下，暖通空调系统仅在需要加热或冷却时运行（通常在加热和冷却季节少于25%的时间）。为了获得更多过滤，系统必须运行更长时间。这在许多情况下可能不可取或不切实际，因为更长的运行时间会增加电力成本，并可能在冷却季节导致湿度控制不太可靠。
炉子或暖通空调过滤器 - 选择至少评级为MERV 13或系统能容纳的最高评级的过滤器。
家庭用的炉子和暖通空调过滤器通常设计用于过滤颗粒物。如果您决定升级或使用更高效率的过滤器，请选择至少具有最低效率报告值（MERV）13评级的过滤器，或系统风扇和过滤器槽能容纳的最高评级。您可能需要咨询专业的暖通空调技术人员，以确定最适合您系统的最高效率过滤器。
家庭中使用的便携式空气净化器和炉子/暖通空调过滤器有可能改善我的室内空气质量吗？是的。大多数便携式空气净化器和炉子/暖通空调过滤器可以过滤空气中的颗粒物。有些可以过滤最受健康关注的小颗粒物（PM_2.5）。还有可以同时过滤颗粒物和气体的空气净化器和过滤器。空气净化器运行时间越长，过滤的空气越多。请注意，减少或消除室内空气污染源并用清洁的室外空气通风始终很重要。过滤不能替代控制污染物和通风的需要。
便携式空气净化器和炉子/暖通空调过滤器可能对健康产生积极影响吗？可能。几项使用便携式HEPA空气净化器的研究已证明心血管和呼吸系统健康有小的改善。这些改善通常很小，个人并不总是能注意到，尽管健康专业人员可能可以测量到。
便携式空气净化器和炉子/暖通空调过滤器可以减少过敏或哮喘症状吗？可能。多项使用便携式HEPA空气净化器的研究发现一种或多种过敏和/或哮喘症状有所改善。这些研究并不总是显示重大改善，并且它们并未显示所有症状都有改善。
便携式空气净化器和炉子/暖通空调过滤器可以解决霉菌问题吗？不能。便携式空气净化器和炉子/暖通空调过滤器不解决霉菌和霉味的原因。霉菌是由建筑物中的水或湿气问题引起的，这些问题允许霉菌生长。要解决霉菌问题，请消除湿气来源并清理霉菌。便携式空气净化器和炉子/暖通空调过滤器可能会去除霉菌产生的一些颗粒物。在某些情况下，它们也可能有助于减少气味，但它们不会解决霉菌和湿气问题。
注意：避免使用故意产生臭氧的便携式空气净化器和炉子/暖通空调过滤器。臭氧是一种肺部刺激物。请注意，在某些情况下，含有静电除尘器、离子发生器、没有足够灯涂层的紫外线灯以及等离子空气净化器的空气净化器可能有可能排放臭氧。加州空气资源委员会和家用电器制造商协会都维护着经过测试并显示排放极少或不排放臭氧的空气净化器列表。
大多数便携式空气净化器都有CADR评级。这是什么意思？大多数便携式空气净化器根据其清洁空气输送率（CADR）进行评级。这个数字旨在帮助消费者根据将放置空气净化器的区域大小选择空气净化器。CADR越高，空气净化器将去除的颗粒物越多，服务的区域越大。评级通常在空气净化器的最高速度下测量。
我如何选择能有效去除最受健康关注的小颗粒物（PM_2.5）的便携式空气净化器？一些空气净化器包装会显示去除三种特定类型污染物的CADR：烟草烟雾、灰尘和花粉。这些污染物分别用作小、中、大颗粒物的示例。要去除小颗粒物，请选择对烟草烟雾具有高CADR的便携式空气净化器，这代表最小的颗粒物。CADR应足够大，以适应您将使用它的房间或区域的大小。
我如何计算房间或区域的大小以选择正确的空气净化器？将您打算操作空气净化器的区域的长度和宽度相乘。结果将为您提供房间或区域的平方英尺大小。将此与产品包装上的最大推荐房间大小进行比较。如果您有开放式平面图，您应考虑空气净化器将服务的整个空间。如果您有高天花板（高于8英尺），您应考虑使用适合更大区域的空气净化器。如果您有一个区域大于任何可用产品能服务的范围，您可以考虑使用多个空气净化器。
我如何选择能去除挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的便携式空气净化器？选择带有活性炭过滤器或其他设计用于去除气体的吸收性过滤器的便携式空气净化器。当过滤器中使用大量材料时（越厚越好），它们可以很有效。研究尚未表明其他技术如等离子体、光催化氧化或紫外线（UV）光在便携式住宅空气净化器中能有效去除气体。
便携式空气净化器有噪音评级吗？一些便携式空气净化器报告噪音评级。评级可能显示在产品包装上。噪音水平部分取决于风扇速度设置。如果噪音可能阻止您运行设备，您可能考虑具有低公布噪音评级的空气净化器。作为参考，约50分贝（dB）的噪音评级大致相当于现代冰箱的运行噪音。
我应该把便携式空气净化器放在哪里？考虑将设备放在您花费最多时间的房间。许多设备设计为放置在地板上，尽管有些设计用于桌面。无论哪种方式，确保气流不受阻碍。让空气净化器远离窗帘和任何可能阻挡气流的东西。如果空气净化器引起不舒服的气流，则将气流方向从您身上移开。
如果便携式空气净化器有EPA的ENERGY STAR®标签，这意味着什么？消费者市场上销售的一些便携式空气净化器符合ENERGY STAR资格。ENERGY STAR标签意味着它符合EPA设定的严格能效指南。该标签不以任何方式指代其空气清洁效果。
暖通空调/炉子过滤器如何评级？有几种常用的过滤器评级方法。这些包括最低效率报告值（MERV）、过滤器性能评级（FPR）、微颗粒性能评级（MPR）等。MERV基于国家共识标准。FPR和MPR评级方法是专有的。对于所有评级方法，过滤器评级越高，对大多数颗粒尺寸的去除效率越高。我如何选择能最有效去除最受健康关注的小颗粒物（PM_2.5）的暖通空调/炉子过滤器？使用系统风扇和过滤器槽能容纳的最高评级过滤器。MERV为13及以上的过滤器必须证明对测试的最小颗粒物至少有50%的去除效率。
我如何知道我的系统是否能容纳MERV 13或更高过滤器？大多数炉子和暖通空调系统可以容纳MERV 13过滤器而不会造成设备问题，前提是过滤器经常更换。有时很难判断系统是否可以使用更高效率的过滤器，因为暖通空调系统通常没有标注任何过滤器建议。为确保过滤器与您的系统兼容，请咨询专业的暖通空调技术人员。技术人员可以确定您的系统可以使用的最有效过滤器。暖通空调技术人员还可以修改系统以使用更高效率的过滤器。
我如何判断过滤器是否适合我的炉子/暖通空调系统？过滤器通常有1到5英寸的厚度，以及各种长度和宽度，以匹配炉子和暖通空调系统中常见的过滤器框架尺寸。确保过滤器贴合紧密，以便空气不会在过滤器周围泄漏，并且您不必弯曲或压碎过滤器以使其适合。
我需要多久更换一次过滤器？根据制造商的建议更换过滤器。许多因素会影响过滤器变脏的速度。制造商通常建议每60到90天更换一次。如果您注意到更换时过滤器看起来非常脏污，您应考虑更频繁地更换。
如果我有窗式空调或壁挂式“无管道”空调怎么办？大多数窗式空调和壁挂式单元旨在控制温度而非空气过滤。这些单元通常具有有限的过滤，旨在保持空调内部清洁，而不是从室内空气中去除细颗粒物。
EPA既不认证也不推荐特定品牌的空气过滤器或家庭空气清洁设备，包括便携式空气净化器或净化器。
文章概要
本文基于美国环保署的家庭空气净化器指南，结合关键词“成人自我状态和空气净化器选择”，从沟通分析心理学角度探讨了如何运用成人自我状态理性选择空气净化器以改善室内空气质量。文章首先介绍了室内空气污染物的来源和类型，强调了人们大部分时间在室内，因此室内空气质量对健康至关重要。接着，文章详细说明了改善室内空气的有效方法，包括减少污染源、通风和使用空气净化器或过滤器。重点提供了选择便携式空气净化器和暖通空调过滤器的实用技巧，如关注CADR评级、MERV评级、过滤器类型（颗粒物与气体）、运行时间和噪音等。文章还通过问答形式解答了常见问题，如空气净化器对健康的影响、过敏症状的缓解、霉菌问题的处理等，并提醒避免使用产生臭氧的设备。整体上，文章强调了理性决策和科学选择在提升室内环境中的重要性。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：这篇文章就像是一个超级详细的说明书，告诉我们家里的空气里有很多看不见的脏东西，比如灰尘、烟雾、还有从家具或清洁剂里跑出来的气体，这些可能会让我们生病。因为我们大部分时间都待在家里，所以保持家里空气干净很重要。最好的办法是少制造脏空气，多开窗让新鲜空气进来。还可以用空气净化器来帮忙，它就像一个小型吸尘器，专门吸走空气中的脏东西。选择空气净化器时，要看它的CADR数字，数字越大，吸得越快越干净；还要看它有没有活性炭过滤器，这样才能吸走气体。过滤器要定期换，不然就吸不动了。文章还提醒我们，有些空气净化器会产生臭氧，那对肺不好，要小心避开。总之，选对空气净化器，能让我们的家更健康。
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价：从沟通分析心理学理论来看，这篇文章完美体现了成人自我状态在决策过程中的应用。成人自我状态以理性、客观和信息处理为特征，本文通过提供详细的科学数据（如CADR、MERV评级）、逻辑分析（如污染源控制与过滤的互补关系）和实用指南（如房间大小计算、过滤器选择），引导读者基于事实而非情绪或偏见做出选择。文章避免了父母自我状态的指令性（如“你必须这样做”）或儿童自我状态的冲动性（如“随便买一个就行”），而是鼓励读者运用成人自我状态进行自主评估和决策。例如，在讨论空气净化器对健康的影响时，文章使用“可能”和“小改善”等客观语言，避免了夸大或绝对化，这符合成人自我状态的现实检验能力。此外，文章强调咨询专业人士（如暖通空调技术人员）和参考权威信息（如EPA指南），进一步强化了成人自我状态的合作性和学习导向。整体上，本文展示了如何通过成人自我状态的有效沟通，提升个人在环境健康领域的自我管理能力。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：在实践上，本文内容可应用于家庭健康管理、室内环境优化和个人福祉提升领域。基于沟通分析心理学理论，通过运用成人自我状态理性选择空气净化器，可以帮助人们解决以下十个问题：1. 如何识别和减少室内空气污染源，从而降低健康风险。2. 如何根据房间大小科学选择空气净化器，避免浪费或效果不足。3. 如何区分颗粒物和气体过滤器，以针对性地改善空气质量。4. 如何理解CADR和MERV评级，做出明智的购买决策。5. 如何定期维护和更换过滤器，确保设备持续有效。6. 如何平衡空气净化器运行时间与能耗成本，实现经济高效。7. 如何避免选择产生臭氧的设备，保护呼吸系统健康。8. 如何通过空气净化器缓解过敏或哮喘症状，提升生活质量。9. 如何结合通风和过滤策略，全面优化室内环境。10. 如何培养理性决策习惯，在其他生活领域也应用成人自我状态。