英文原文
Tired of office conflict? Don’t worry, psychology has the answer. Nobody enjoys getting into conflict situations at work; but unfortunately, sometimes they are unavoidable. If you feel that you’re often butting heads with someone in the office, psychology may have the answer in the form of Transactional Analysis. What is transactional analysis? Transactional analysis, or TA as it’s often referred to, is a therapeutic model developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s. As a theory it’s certainly not one of the modern ones, but it’s been used time and time again within businesses to help employers and employees alike. Eric Berne believed that we can learn to communicate better by first acknowledging the way that we communicate - analysing, if you will, our social ‘transactions’. A transaction, to Eric Berne, was a conversation or a social interaction between two people. So, how do we analyse how we communicate? According to Transactional Analysis, there are three ego states; Parent, Adult and Child. We communicate best when we both communicate from our Adult ego state; we run into problems in the workplace when we communicate from our Parent or our Child. So, to analyse how we communicate, first we need to figure out which ego state we often communicate from. So, when we talk from our adult, we are respectful and aware of the situation, and of the people that we communicate with. In our adult ego states, we don’t feel inferior or more important than the person we’re interacting with - we see ourselves as equal. We’re able to take in information in a measured way, accept feedback and change our behaviour when we believe it needs to be changed. Ok, but how can this be applied to the workplace? If you’re struggling with communicating effectively in the workplace, examining what triggers your Parent and Child ego state might help. Is someone often talking over you, demanding you complete tasks that aren’t a part of your job? How do you respond? Do you often get angry, and move into a Critical Parent ego state? Or do you find yourself people pleasing, and trying to keep that person happy? That could be an Adaptive Child ego state. Similarly, maybe you’ve noticed yourself always offering emotional support to a colleague who seems to need continual reassurance? That might be your Nurturing Parent ego state appearing. Once you’ve figured out who, and what situations trigger your ego state, you’ve begun the process of changing them. Becoming aware of what ego states you slip into is a really important step, because once you’ve acknowledged them you can start to adapt. Accessing your Adult ego state might be easier in some situations, or easier with certain people - but if you can do it with one person, you have the skills to do it with everyone. By recognising your own triggers, and how you respond to certain colleagues, you can learn to come back to your Adult ego state in conflict situations. At work, it doesn’t matter if your colleague is coming at you in Critical Parent, or Adaptive Child - by moving into your Adult ego state, either you’ll unconsciously encourage them to do the same, or they’ll go and find someone else who will respond to them in the way they want.
中文翻译
厌倦了办公室冲突？别担心，心理学有答案。没有人喜欢在工作中陷入冲突；但不幸的是，有时它们不可避免。如果你觉得在办公室里经常与某人发生争执，心理学可能以沟通分析的形式提供答案。什么是沟通分析？沟通分析，通常简称为TA，是埃里克·伯恩在20世纪50年代发展的一种治疗模型。作为一种理论，它当然不是现代理论之一，但它已在企业中反复使用，以帮助雇主和员工。埃里克·伯恩认为，我们可以通过首先承认我们沟通的方式来学会更好地沟通——分析我们的社交“交易”。对埃里克·伯恩来说，交易是两个人之间的对话或社交互动。那么，我们如何分析我们的沟通方式？根据沟通分析，有三种自我状态：父母、成人和儿童。当我们都从成人自我状态沟通时，我们沟通得最好；当我们从父母或儿童自我状态沟通时，我们在工作场所会遇到问题。因此，要分析我们的沟通方式，首先需要弄清楚我们经常从哪种自我状态沟通。当我们从成人状态说话时，我们尊重并意识到情况，以及我们沟通的人。在成人自我状态中，我们不会感到比互动对象低劣或更重要——我们视自己为平等。我们能够以有分寸的方式接收信息，接受反馈，并在认为需要时改变行为。好的，但这如何应用于工作场所？如果你在工作场所难以有效沟通，检查什么触发了你的父母和儿童自我状态可能会有帮助。是否有人经常打断你，要求你完成不属于你工作范围的任务？你如何回应？你是否经常生气，并进入批判性父母自我状态？或者你是否发现自己讨好他人，试图让那个人开心？那可能是适应性儿童自我状态。同样，也许你注意到自己总是向似乎需要持续安慰的同事提供情感支持？那可能是你的养育性父母自我状态出现。一旦你弄清楚谁以及什么情况触发了你的自我状态，你就开始了改变它们的过程。意识到你陷入哪种自我状态是非常重要的一步，因为一旦你承认它们，你就可以开始适应。在某些情况下或与某些人相处时，进入成人自我状态可能更容易——但如果你能与一个人做到，你就有能力与每个人做到。通过识别你自己的触发因素，以及你如何回应某些同事，你可以学会在冲突情况下回到成人自我状态。在工作中，无论你的同事是以批判性父母还是适应性儿童状态对待你——通过进入成人自我状态，你要么会无意识地鼓励他们做同样的事，要么他们会去找其他人以他们想要的方式回应他们。
文章概要
本文介绍了沟通分析心理学在解决职场冲突中的应用，强调成人自我状态在决策中的重要性。文章解释了沟通分析的基本概念，包括父母、成人和儿童三种自我状态，并指出当双方都从成人自我状态沟通时，沟通效果最佳。通过识别触发父母和儿童自我状态的因素，个人可以学会在冲突中保持成人自我状态，从而改善职场关系。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：想象一下，你在学校或家里和别人吵架时，有时候你会像大人一样冷静说话，有时候会像爸爸妈妈一样批评别人，或者像小孩子一样哭闹。沟通分析心理学说，最好的方式是像大人一样说话，这样大家都能好好沟通，解决问题。在工作中也一样，如果你能像大人一样思考，就能减少冲突。
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价：这篇文章很好地应用了沟通分析理论，突出了成人自我状态在职场冲突中的核心作用。它强调了自我觉察的重要性，通过识别父母和儿童自我状态的触发因素，促进向成人自我状态的转变。这体现了沟通分析中“自我状态”和“交易”的概念，展示了如何通过调整沟通模式来改善人际关系。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：应用领域包括职场沟通、团队建设、领导力发展、客户服务、教育辅导、家庭关系、社区调解、心理咨询、个人成长和冲突管理。可以解决的问题：1. 减少职场争吵和误解；2. 提高团队合作效率；3. 帮助领导更公平地决策；4. 改善客户互动体验；5. 促进师生或亲子沟通；6. 缓解家庭矛盾；7. 增强社区和谐；8. 支持心理调适过程；9. 提升个人自信和情绪管理；10. 有效处理日常冲突。