英文原文
Ego State Theory
As you attempt to communicate with another person during a crisis situation, understanding the ego states that you and the other person are in may help you handle the situation more effectively.
Through observations made in social settings, researchers have noticed that people will change their posture, viewpoint, voice, vocabulary, and other aspects of their behavior during an activity. As the behavior changes, shifts in feeling also may occur. It is these changes in feelings and behavior that result in three different ego states.
Parent State: In this state, your state of mind resembles that of one of your parents. You, therefore, respond as he or she would have with the same posture, gestures, vocabulary, feelings, etc. A person in the parent state wants to control the situation by: Establishing rules and setting boundaries, Giving directives, Providing discipline, Being the authority.
Child State: In this state, you react as you would have when you were a young boy or girl. A person in the child state responds to a situation by: Becoming emotional and getting angry quickly, Following directions or rebelling against authority, Not filtering what he or she says.
Adult State: In this state, you review the situation objectively and respond in a non-prejudicial manner. A person in the adult state reacts to a situation by: Not dictating to others, Using good judgment instead of emotions to make decisions, Making a careful assessment of the situation, Showing respect for others and being willing to compromise.
The parent and child ego states are not good for verbal negotiation. Here is an example. One person is in the parent state and responds to a situation by getting angry and giving directives. The person says things like, “Don’t do that” or “Do what I say.” The other person is then likely to switch to the child state. The person says things like, “I will if I want to” or “I don’t have to listen to you” or “You can’t make me do that.” The result is that the person in the parent state tends to become even more parental and the person in the child state tends to become more childlike. As this occurs, conflict results.
For the best results, you should respond adult to adult when negotiating.
中文翻译
自我状态理论
当你在危机情境中尝试与他人沟通时,理解你和他人的自我状态可能有助于更有效地处理情况。
通过在社交场合的观察,研究人员注意到人们在活动中会改变姿势、观点、声音、词汇和其他行为方面。随着行为的变化,感受也可能发生转变。正是这些感受和行为的变化导致了三种不同的自我状态。
父母状态:在这种状态下,你的心态类似于你的父母之一。因此,你会以他或她同样的姿势、手势、词汇、感受等来回应。处于父母状态的人希望通过以下方式控制情境:建立规则和设定界限、给出指令、提供纪律、成为权威。
儿童状态:在这种状态下,你的反应就像你小时候一样。处于儿童状态的人通过以下方式回应情境:变得情绪化并迅速生气、遵循指示或反抗权威、不筛选他或她说的话。
成人状态:在这种状态下,你客观地审视情境并以无偏见的方式回应。处于成人状态的人通过以下方式对情境做出反应:不对他人发号施令、使用良好判断而非情绪做决定、仔细评估情境、尊重他人并愿意妥协。
父母和儿童自我状态不适合口头谈判。这里有一个例子。一个人处于父母状态,通过生气和给出指令来回应情境。这个人会说“不要那样做”或“按我说的做”之类的话。另一个人则可能切换到儿童状态。这个人会说“我想做就做”或“我不必听你的”或“你不能强迫我那样做”之类的话。结果是,处于父母状态的人往往变得更加父母化,而处于儿童状态的人往往变得更加孩子气。当这种情况发生时,冲突就产生了。
为了获得最佳结果,在谈判时你应该以成人对成人的方式回应。
文章概要
本文介绍了自我状态理论,包括父母、儿童和成人三种自我状态的定义和特征,并通过示例说明了父母和儿童状态在谈判中容易引发冲突,而成人状态通过客观、尊重和妥协的方式有助于避免冲突,强调了在社交情境中采用成人自我状态对于有效沟通和冲突避免的重要性。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容:想象一下,当人们聊天时,有三种不同的“模式”。第一种是“父母模式”,就像爸爸妈妈一样,喜欢告诉别人该做什么。第二种是“儿童模式”,就像小朋友一样,容易生气或不听话。第三种是“成人模式”,就像大哥哥大姐姐一样,会冷静地思考问题,尊重别人。如果两个人用“父母模式”和“儿童模式”说话,比如一个说“你必须听我的”,另一个说“我就不听”,他们就会吵架。但如果都用“成人模式”,比如好好商量,就能避免吵架,成为好朋友。
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价:从TA沟通分析心理学理论来看,本文清晰地阐述了自我状态理论的核心概念,即父母、儿童和成人自我状态。它突出了成人自我状态在社交冲突避免中的关键作用,这体现了TA理论中“成人自我状态”作为理性、客观和适应性部分的重要性。文章通过示例展示了父母和儿童状态之间的互补交易如何导致冲突,而成人对成人的交易则促进和谐,这符合TA理论中关于沟通模式和脚本分析的基本原则。这种强调成人状态在谈判中的应用,有助于个体从固定脚本中解放出来,实现更健康的互动。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题:在实践上,成人自我状态的应用可以广泛涉及多个领域,如职场沟通、家庭关系、教育辅导、心理咨询、团队合作、冲突调解、社交技能培训、领导力发展、个人成长和社区建设。它可以解决人们的十个问题:1. 减少因情绪化反应引发的争吵;2. 改善亲子或伴侣间的沟通僵局;3. 提升职场中的协作效率;4. 帮助个体在压力下保持冷静决策;5. 增强人际交往中的尊重和理解;6. 避免权威或叛逆导致的冲突升级;7. 促进谈判和协商的成功;8. 支持个人从童年脚本中成长;9. 培养更健康的自我表达方式;10. 创造更和谐的社会互动环境。