英文原文
As an older adult, you may have specific needs after a disaster. Use the information on this page to assess your needs and take simple, low-cost steps that help you get better prepared. The Disaster Preparedness Guide for Older Adults is intended to support older adults and their caregivers in preparing in three easy steps: assess your needs, create a plan and engage your network. The guide provides easy-to-read, user-friendly worksheets that walk individuals and caregivers through a self-assessment to identify specific needs and checklists that create a personalized plan. First, know your risk. Then, understand your needs during emergencies. This section guides you through a self-assessment process to identify your specific needs so that you can create a personalized emergency plan. Develop a comprehensive emergency plan and emergency preparedness kit tailored to your unique needs. This section ensures you are well prepared to respond to various emergency scenarios. Build a strong support network and include them in your emergency planning. This section provides recommendations for how you can engage your family, friends, caregivers, neighbors, fellow congregants from your place of worship, and others who can assist you during an emergency. Know what disasters could affect your area, which could call for an evacuation, and when to shelter in place, and plan what you need to do in both cases. Keep a NOAA Weather Radio tuned to your local emergency station and monitor TV and radio for warnings about severe weather in your area. Download the FEMA app and get weather alerts from the National Weather Service for up to five different locations anywhere in the United States. Plan how you will communicate if you have a communications need. Plan for food, water, and essentials for you and pets or service animals. Research pet-friendly evacuation centers. Plan for your transportation if you need help evacuating. Include items that meet your individual needs, such as medicines, medical supplies, batteries and chargers, in your emergency supply kit. Plan how you will have your assistive devices with you during an evacuation. Make copies of Medicaid, Medicare, and other insurance cards. Determine any special assistance you may need and include plans for that assistance in your emergency plan. Create a support network of family, friends and others who can assist you during an emergency. Make an emergency plan and practice it with them. Make sure at least one person in your support network has an extra key to your home, knows where you keep your emergency supplies, and knows how to use lifesaving equipment or administer medicine. If you undergo routine treatments administered by a clinic or hospital, find out their emergency plans and work with them to identify back-up service providers. Don’t forget your pets or service animals. Not all shelters accept pets, so plan for alternatives. Consider asking loved ones or friends outside of your immediate area if they can help with your animals. A disaster can disrupt mail service for days or weeks. If you depend on Social Security or other regular benefits, switching to electronic payments is a simple, important way to protect yourself financially before disaster strikes. It also eliminates the risk of stolen checks. The U.S. Department of the Treasury recommends two safer ways to get federal benefits: Direct deposit to a checking or savings account. If you get federal benefits you can sign up by calling 800-333-1795 or sign up online. The Direct Express® prepaid debit card is designed as a safe and easy alternative to paper.
中文翻译
作为老年人，您在灾害后可能有特定需求。使用本页信息评估您的需求，并采取简单、低成本的步骤，帮助您更好地做好准备。《老年人灾害准备指南》旨在通过三个简单步骤支持老年人及其照顾者进行准备：评估需求、制定计划和建立网络。该指南提供易于阅读、用户友好的工作表，引导个人和照顾者进行自我评估以识别特定需求，以及创建个性化计划的清单。首先，了解您的风险。然后，理解您在紧急情况下的需求。本节指导您通过自我评估过程识别您的特定需求，以便您可以创建个性化的应急计划。制定全面的应急计划和应急准备包，根据您的独特需求定制。本节确保您为应对各种紧急情况做好充分准备。建立强大的支持网络，并将他们纳入您的应急规划。本节提供建议，说明如何让您的家人、朋友、照顾者、邻居、来自您礼拜场所的会众以及其他可以在紧急情况下帮助您的人参与进来。了解可能影响您所在地区的灾害类型，哪些情况需要疏散，何时就地避难，并计划在这两种情况下您需要做什么。将NOAA天气收音机调至当地应急电台，并监控电视和广播以获取您所在地区恶劣天气的警告。下载FEMA应用程序，并从国家气象局获取美国境内最多五个不同地点的天气警报。如果您有通信需求，计划如何沟通。为您和宠物或服务动物计划食物、水和必需品。研究允许宠物进入的疏散中心。如果您需要帮助疏散，计划您的交通方式。在您的应急供应包中包含满足您个人需求的物品，如药物、医疗用品、电池和充电器。计划如何在疏散期间携带您的辅助设备。复印医疗补助、医疗保险和其他保险卡。确定您可能需要的任何特殊援助，并将该援助计划纳入您的应急计划。创建一个由家人、朋友和其他可以在紧急情况下帮助您的人组成的支持网络。制定应急计划并与他们一起练习。确保您的支持网络中至少有一人拥有您家的备用钥匙，知道您存放应急用品的位置，并知道如何使用救生设备或给药。如果您接受诊所或医院的常规治疗，了解他们的应急计划，并与他们合作确定备用服务提供者。不要忘记您的宠物或服务动物。并非所有避难所都接受宠物，因此计划替代方案。考虑询问您所在地区以外的亲人或朋友是否可以帮助照顾您的动物。灾害可能中断邮件服务数天或数周。如果您依赖社会保障或其他定期福利，切换到电子支付是在灾害发生前保护自己财务的简单而重要的方式。它还消除了支票被盗的风险。美国财政部推荐两种更安全的获取联邦福利的方式：直接存入支票或储蓄账户。如果您获得联邦福利，可以拨打800-333-1795或在线注册。Direct Express®预付借记卡被设计为纸张的安全简便替代品。
文章概要
本文介绍了老年人灾害准备的重要性，强调通过评估需求、制定计划和建立支持网络三个步骤来增强应对能力。内容涵盖风险识别、应急计划制定、物资准备、通信安排、宠物照顾和财务安全等方面，旨在帮助老年人及其照顾者采取实际行动，提升灾害准备水平。
高德明老师的评价
用12岁初中生可以听懂的语音来重复翻译的内容：这篇文章就像一本给爷爷奶奶的“灾害准备小手册”。它告诉爷爷奶奶们，如果遇到像地震、台风这样的灾害，可以先想想自己需要什么，比如药啊、吃的啊，然后写个计划，比如怎么联系家人、去哪里避难。还要找一些好朋友或邻居帮忙，一起练习这个计划。这样，灾害来了就不会太慌张，可以更好地保护自己。
TA沟通分析心理学理论评价：从TA沟通分析心理学角度看，本文内容充分体现了“成人自我状态”在灾害准备规划中的应用。文章引导老年人进行理性自我评估和计划制定，这符合成人自我状态的特征——基于现实、逻辑思考和问题解决。例如，评估风险、制定个性化计划等步骤，都是成人自我状态在应对外部威胁时的典型表现。同时，建立支持网络涉及“互补沟通”，即通过合作和互助来增强应对能力，这有助于减少“儿童自我状态”可能带来的恐惧或无助感，促进更健康的心理适应。
在实践上可以应用的领域和可以解决人们的十个问题：本文内容在实践上可应用于老年护理、社区应急管理和心理健康支持等领域。基于TA沟通分析心理学，它可以解决人们的以下十个问题：1. 帮助老年人减少灾害焦虑，通过成人自我状态增强控制感；2. 促进家庭沟通，改善支持网络中的互动模式；3. 提升应急准备中的决策能力，避免冲动或逃避行为；4. 增强自我效能感，通过计划执行减少无助感；5. 改善人际关系，通过合作应对共同挑战；6. 减少灾害后的心理创伤风险，提前建立心理缓冲；7. 促进社区凝聚力，通过集体准备活动；8. 帮助照顾者更好地理解和支持老年人需求；9. 增强财务安全感，通过电子支付等理性安排；10. 提升整体生活质量，通过预防性措施减少压力。